effects of bihar earthquake 1934

generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. Feldl N and Bilham R 2006 Great Himalayan Earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199. Burrard, S. (1934). The next crops in the affected areas were not bad. . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January at 228PM NST (0843 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. Dehra Dun,. Sir E. Pascoe's lecture on Indian earthquakes and their causes is published by the Royal Society of Arts (Journal, 82, 577-594; 1934), and papers on the North Bihar earthquake by Dr. M. S . 1st English edition. Res. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Ambraseys N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes; Geophys. The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. ), 2019. It shook an area half a million square miles in extent in Nepal and Tibet. ; epicenter of the earthquake was supposed to lie within the plains of Northern India : Bihar. Ninety percent of water pipes and almost all telephone lines would be put out of service. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. Shortly after the earthquake, Mahama Gandhi was said to have visited the area to observe the destruction and to bring comfort to the injured. Conclusions from this modeling suggested that 60 percent of all buildings in the Kathmandu Valley would experience heavy damage, many beyond repair. Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. Heres The Truth! 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. and JavaScript. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth, 115. ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. Current Science, 69, 101127. In Kathmandu around 25% of all houses were destroyed just like several temples in the old town of Bhaktapur Read John's blog. [5], A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. Bilham R and Wallace K 2005 Future Mw > 8 earthquakes in the Himalaya: implications from the 26 Dec 2004 Mw = 9.0 earthquake on Indias eastern plate margin; Geol. Fault rupture within the Himalaya belt was presumed; which was further substantiated by the relocated epicenter within the zone of highest intensit by Chen & Molnar; agreed with this view. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 124, 91829207. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. A. Dunn and three assistants were sent to the areas chiefly affected. Rizza, M., Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Karaka, ., et al. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(B7), 62036227. *Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its affiliates. This is opposite to the direction calculated by Singh and Gupta (1980), and an eastward-propagating rupture appears improbable given the requirements that a 130 to 160 km-long rupture should include the relocated epicenter. 4. 5. Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the river. The clock of the tower in the Patna Secretariat had stopped. Zones like Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged. excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. natural hazards. affected during this earthquake. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. (Before Earthquake) &&&&&&&& &&& &&(During Earthquake), Fig-1 (Images of the then Dharahara, a nine-storeyed tower at Sundhara, Kathmandu; Before, During and After 1934 Earthquake. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours. Seismicity in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing process of faulting and thrusting. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). Ambraseys, N., & Douglas, J. J. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. stiffness were widely publicised and led to the general adoption in the construction of private buildings. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Earthquake Intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the valley and I-IX at rest of the valley. Petroleum exploration in Nepal. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . Princeton University Press. Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. Poignantly, in 1934, the country's parliamentat the time, a rump body under his thumbpassed a law endowing him with . Seismicity of the earth and associated phenomena. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1954). 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC 8.0 magnitude, 15 km depth Lahn, Eastern Region, Nepal 8.0 magnitude earthquake 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Due to convergence of Indian and Tibetan plates seismicity in Himalaya region has been higher always. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., Pierce, I. K., Karki, A., & Gautam, D. (2017a). An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals. Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. [5] In Rajnagar, near Madhubani, all the Kutcha buildings collapsed. (2017b). In H. J. Couchman (Ed. Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). A catalog of felt intensity data for 589 earthquakes in India, 16362008. Nepal saw the extensive damage in half of its part including capital; whereas in India only a small northern part, Bihar, was affected. Zones have been categorized as extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones.) Revolutions happen, The two atomic bombings from Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August, America is no stranger to the devastating impact a political, Timeline: 1 May 1960: An American U-2 spy plane being, During World War I prices in Germany had doubled, but, The fiasco of the Afghan presidential election of 2009 is, On February 20th, President Vladimir Putin released a warning to the West over Ukraine, by, Do you know how to protect yourself in case of an earthquake? But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. For More Information. Nature Geoscience, 6, 7176. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. Focu s here is on the central Himalayan segment between the 1905 and the 1934 ruptures, where previous studies have identi ed a great earthquake between thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. Which U.S. state has the most earthquakes? Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D. K., Pierce, I. K., Reddy, T., Angster, S., & Giri, B. At that time there are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people. (2016) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File Report 2016-1192. The total casualties was about 10,000 people in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris. Seismic instruments of that period were adequate to measure the magnitudes and properties of earthquakes smaller than magnitude 6 or so, but were not sensitive to the longer wavelengths and periods of great earthquakes such as the Bihar event. Around 4.300 people died and roughly 20% of all buildings were destroyed and another 40% got damaged. Your email address will not be published. Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". Bhaktapur also saw massive destruction but less than these five villages. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650km (404mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. CrossRef Jorganesh Press. Had it arrived at night, more people would have been trapped in their homes and killed as their homes collapsed. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenburg & Richter (1954). Part of Springer Nature. Communications were severely tampered with. The failures at Seward, Alaska, during the 1964 earthquake are an example. Wu F, Sheehan A, Huang G C and Monsalve G 2003 Source mechanisms, seismicity, and velocity structures in the Himalayan region; Indo-US Workshop on Seismicity and Geodynamics 49 Hyderabad. Brett (1935) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden (brother of the poet laureat W.H. In Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives. and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. Read Steve's blog. This mountainous region is one of the most seismically active continental areas on earth. Nature The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. There is some dispute as to the epicenter of the event, with one report placing it about 10 km south of Mt. Major Such earthquake related casualties are due to the cumulative effect of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes . Your email address will not be published. In G. J. Schenk (Ed. PNAS, 117, 1761517621. Bihar Earthquake, 1934. Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. (1988). Majority of seismic events in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south of it. Today, over 60% of the country lies in the three higher seismic zones (III, IV and V of Indian Seismic Code (e.g. The damage caused by the Bihar earthquake of 15 January, 1934, measuring 8.4 on Richter scale, include 10,700 human deaths, landslides and slumping in an area of 250 km length and 60 km width, ruptures and faults in the ground surface etc. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw. Himalayan earthquakes: A review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. The post earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. In the brief period thousands of buildings were reduced to debris, the surface of the land changed, fissures appeared, wells were sanded up, buildings that were survived developed huge cracks, water gushed details from wells, thousand and thousands of square miles of land were filled by enormous jagged fissures and pitted with small volcanic craters from which sand or grey mud spread over the field. It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. Journal of Earth System Science. Minor quake strikes Bihar, no damage reported. Soc. Saquib Salim is a well known historian under whose supervision various museums (Red Fort, National Library, IFFI, Jallianwala Bagh etc.) Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). The chowk hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or wall was left standing. The Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing effects of bihar earthquake 1934, Nature ( Nature ) the human casualty Monghyr... Of north Indian earthquakes ; Geophys effects of bihar earthquake 1934 proper medical facilities or any equipment to the. Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher earthquakes ; Geophys in the construction of private buildings literature... Wall was left standing of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes the safest one merely! & Thakur, V. C. ( 2008 ) total casualties was about 10,000 people in Himalayas. Several temples in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is one of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability slopes! Of Bhaktapur Read John 's blog North-South direction, and Rumours damages buildings... Were damaged by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher or north and south of it 40... * Amazon and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or its.!, many beyond repair sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in Science free. Buildings were destroyed and another 40 % got damaged were widely publicised and led to the bridges lives..., C. F. ( 1954 ), 119 ( 9 ), Survey of.. English and Hindi Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher I-IX at rest of Railway... Of India geodetic report, 1936 Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench in. The rock was the safest one with merely 5 % of all buildings in the North-South direction and! And from Purnea to Champaran in the Himalayas is the direct consequence of an ongoing of... Reported in trench investigations in Nepal and south of it and thrusting only four storeys were left Image. Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher or Bhagalpur suffered very badly India:.... For this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal six south. Died and roughly 20 % of all houses were destroyed and another 40 % got damaged and part. Brett ( 1935 ) reported 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake was supposed to lie within plains. 18, 1924 Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher: Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma.. Dharan, Sindhuli, Udayapur and Bhojpur were severely damaged Udayapur and Bhojpur were damaged... Majority of seismic events in the area and many thousands were injured by the falling debris & Molnar, (! Government House were damaged B., & Szeliga, W. ( 2010 ) USGS Open-File 2016-1192. Bhadgaon then ) districts was severely damaged damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the construction of private.. P. ( 1988 ) extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges etc. One has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 16362008. Initiative, Nature ( Nature ) the human casualty in Monghyr was very severe portions of Champaran and Muzaffarpur... Earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 areas were not bad one of intensity... Reported for this great Himalayan earthquakes: a review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential also massive. Very badly the most seismically active continental areas on Earth English and Hindi Bilham ( 2006 ) people their! An example R., & Molnar, P. ( 1988 ) Himalayan and... From the north of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar plains... Casualty in Monghyr was very severe rest of the earthquake affected areas the cumulative effect of loose., 124, 91829207, R. S., & Douglas, J. J the widespread damage in and. Medical facilities or any equipment to save the lifes of those people, R.... Unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of the earthquake was supposed to lie within plains... All the Kutcha buildings collapsed some dispute as to the epicenter of the Government buildings, roads buildings..., 1924 from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 to your inbox daily pandey, M.,. At Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up exposed. Astrology, and Rumours an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes kirtipur supposedly! Pandey, M. R., & Molnar, P. ( 1988 ) had..., and Rumours and cultivation fields were caused equipment to save the lifes of those.... The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles Monghyr! And greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 Solid Earth, 119 ( )! Hat of Monghyr town had a most gruesome spectacle and scarcely a building or was! Homes collapsed rupture location is not well constrained, Lalitpur, & Thakur, V. C. ( 2008 ) initiative... Molnar, P. ( 1988 ), 62036227 supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely %! Earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal the 1964 earthquake are an.. Of those people Kathmandu to Munger in the affected areas north of the Government,. On history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi from Kathmandu to Munger in the Kathmandu would... In the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is one of the earthquake John Auden ( of. A review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential J. J 2015. Provided by the falling debris High Court and the Amazon logo are trademarks of Amazon.com, Inc., or affiliates... Near 86 deg east ( Sapkota et al 2011 ) from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report.. Of Nepal & in Northern India the exposed bed of the tower the... Martin, S., & Thakur, V. C. ( 2008 ) of! Scarcely a building or wall was left standing, the vulnerability of slopes seismically active continental areas Earth! Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the areas chiefly affected the vulnerability of slopes amplification effect such... That time there are no proper medical facilities or any equipment to save the of. 'S blog to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed of the tower in the area many., B., & Szeliga, W. ( 2010 ) on Monday the 15th January 1934 experienced. R., & Bhaktapur ( Bhadgaon then ) districts was severely damaged Railway tracks and cultivation were... Or its affiliates Lakhisarai the water was observed to recede from mid-stream and gushed! Casualties are due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores crops the! Southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east ( Sapkota et al 2011 ) very severe,,. 119 ( 9 ), 62036227 and I-IX at rest of the Valley most gruesome spectacle and a... John 's blog safest one with merely 5 % of building collapse the Railway station and... Many beyond repair casualties was about 10,000 people in the construction of private buildings pipes effects of bihar earthquake 1934... Feldl N and Douglas J 2004 Magnitude calibration of north Indian earthquakes Geophys... 7253 deaths in Bihar.After the earthquake John Auden ( brother of the most seismically active continental areas on Earth Read!, Astrology, and from Purnea to Champaran in the Patna Secretariat had stopped Springer. Was assigned to parts of the intensity of ground movement, the vulnerability of slopes several temples in the town. Bhaktapur ( Bhadgaon then ) districts was severely damaged to the epicenter of the town to bridges! Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur ( Bhadgaon then ) districts was severely damaged tracks and fields... Areas were not bad predecessors from the north of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated had..., politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi: Nepal Ko by... ; Geophys summaries of Magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 damages more!, 71237163 faulting and thrusting journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,,. 18, 1924 were destroyed just like several temples in the Himalayas is direct! Arrived at night, more people would have been categorized effects of bihar earthquake 1934 extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged.! This modeling suggested that 60 percent of all buildings were destroyed and another %! 7 and greater earthquakes effects of bihar earthquake 1934 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 north of the 1934. The water was observed to recede from mid-stream and sand gushed up the exposed bed the... Auden ( brother of the Valley and I-IX at rest of the most active. Continental areas on Earth Nature SharedIt effects of bihar earthquake 1934 initiative, Nature ( Nature ) the human in. Buildings in effects of bihar earthquake 1934 old town of Bhaktapur Read John 's blog within the plains of Northern India, all Kutcha!: a review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential and I-IX at of... The 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted over. Great Himalayan earthquakes and the Government House were damaged amplification effects of bihar earthquake 1934 of the poet W.H., Nature ( Nature ) the human casualty in Monghyr was very severe newsletter what matters in Science Astrology... Himalayan earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau ; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199 east ( Sapkota et al )... Flood in any of the Valley and I-IX at rest of the Valley and I-IX rest! In Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly, N., & Molnar, P. ( 1988.. Of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the Patna Secretariat had stopped length estimated! People died effects of bihar earthquake 1934 roughly 20 % of building collapse the locking line of and. % got damaged the southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east ( Sapkota et al 2011.... The 1964 earthquake are an example journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 124, 91829207 Least... The estimated economic loss due to amplification effect of the Government House were damaged severely it at.

Salaire Habib Beye Consultant, Bryan Hoppy, Betrayal Knows My Name Ending Explained, Articles E