loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses

It gives it ecological validity and makes it more able to be generalised to real life. Procedure: Forty-five American students from the Tap card to see definition . The addition of false details to a memory of an event is referred to as confabulation. Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. -The experiment concluded of 45 university of Washington students and 150 in experiment 2. loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesseswhat is carrot in afrikaans. ", biased and hard to compare, quantifiable, mean estimate for smashed was 40.5 mph whereas mean estimate for contacted was 31.8 mph, comparible, no reasons, mean estimate for smashed was 40.5 mph whereas mean estimate for contacted was 31.8 mph, can't see why they behaved, less valid, large sample, 150 students from American Uni divided into groups of 50 in smashed condition, hit condition and control group, representative of tp making it generalisable to wider tp, ethnocentric, 150 students from American Uni divided into groups of 50 in smashed condition, hit condition and control group, lacks population validity, standardised, shown video clip of multiple car accident, completed questionnaire about accident including how fast they thought the cars were going and 1 week later asked if saw broken glass, reliable, low ecological validity, shown video clip of multiple car accident, completed questionnaire about accident including how fast they thought the cars were going and 1 week later asked if saw broken glass, not in natural environment so naturally occurring behaviour, in depth, questionnaire after watching video clip of multiple car accident to describe what they had seen, how fast cars going , after 1 week complete questions like if they saw broken glass, valid, subjective, questionnaire after watching video clip of multiple car accident to describe what hey had seen, how fast cars going after 1 week complete questions like if they saw broken glass, biased and hard to compare, quantifiable, in smashed condition thought cars going 10.46mph and 16/50 thought they saw glass, in hit condition thought cars going 8mph and 7/50 thought they saw glass, compared easily, not detailed, in smashed condition thought cars going 10.46moh and 16/50 thought they saw glass, in hit condition thought cars going 8mph and 7/50 thought they saw glass, can't see why they behaved, less valid, Discrete Mathematics and Its Applications. Use a graphing calculator to check your answers to Exercises 11, 31, 41, and 59. A strength of the Loftus and Palmer study is that it is high in internal validity. , OCE A2 psychology predictions for core studies??? In the early experiments on the misinformation effect(see, e.g., Loftus, 1975, 1979; Loftus, Miller, & Bums, 1978), the subjects first watcheda video tape orslide show ofan event, such as a traffic accident. Tap again to see term . Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. What is a 'control group', and why is it necessary? If there is some difference between Now up your study game with Learn mode. Discussion - Loftus and Palmer argue that memories are based on two types of imformation: What we percieve at the time of the event and what we find out after the event. Strengths of the method. By far it's the most popular study to conduct for the IB Psychology IA. Consequently, they could ensure that these factors did not affect Stretch Film Division. Assume all variables are positive. Participants viewed video clips rather than being present at a real life accident. They may remember the sequence of events, or they may have even been in the shop or house when the robbery happened. Laboratory experiment. Weaknesses: * Lack of ecological validity - people wouldn't normally do this task and would witness the actual accident not a video, so this study cannot be . large sample, 45 students from American Uni split in 5 groups with 9 students each, generalised to wider target population, ethnocentric, 45 students from American Uni split in 5 groups with 9 students each, from same place so not representative of tp, no population validity, standardised, asked to watch 7 video clips of different car accidents which all lasted between 5 and 30 seconds shown to 5 groups (smashed, bumped, collided, hit or contacted), repeated so reliable, low ecological validity, asked to watch 7 video clips of different car accidents which all lasted between 5 and 30 seconds shown to 5 groups (smashed, bumped, collided, hit or contacted), not naturally occurring environment so naturally occurring behaviour, in depth, questionnaire where given account of accident and other questions like "about how fast were the cars going in mph when they (smashed, hit, collided, contacted or bumped) each other? A second weakness of Loftus and Palmer's research is that their study lacks population validity. Use photographs (or video clips) of car accidents and write a set of questions, one of which will be the critical question. strengths of control of extraneous variables and good causal inference, but the weaknesses of low ecological validity and low population validity. It required a sample of 45 student volunteers. Owner, and more slides depicted a car crash and asked not usually expected on real life, instance! Considerable research by Loftus and Palmer (1974) has shown that memories on eye witness testimony are unreliable. Weaknesses: The sample in Loftus and Palmer are unlikely to be truly representative of the population. 11. The hypothesis is that the verb 'smashed' in the question . Yuille and Cutshall interviewed real witnesses of a real crime. Over As you can see, its possible to manipulate sympathies, animosities, and the degree of relevance given to an event, etc. For example, they may be required to give a description of a robbery or a road accident someone has seen. She conducted several studies in which she proved that, for example, she could convince someone that they had been lost in a shopping mall when they were little. Specific verb did cause a specific memory.-The study was that I used a fairly large population. Afterwards, the students were questioned about the film. Conclusion: This research suggests that memory is easily distorted by questioning technique and information acquired after the event can merge with original memory causing inaccurate recall or reconstructive memory. To test this Loftus and Palmer (1974) asked people to estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions. eyewitness testimony, Loftus 1987) weigh strengths and weaknesses; for empirical support, cite: Bartlett, 1932 - war of the ghosts, and Bransford and Johnson, 1972 - speech on laundry (title before, title after, no title) for weaknesses, remember Cohen (1993): concept of schemas too vague and hypothetical to be . Finally, we will look at the strengths and weaknesses of reconstructive memory. Why was each group of participants shown the 7 video clips (of car accidents) in a different order? References 1.1. Their aim was to test their hypothesis of language used in eyewitness testimony can affect or alter memory. Limitations to my experimental method the witness to recall a short film points for their course so if & Our action and make predictions of the experimental method, for instance you would not be normally asked recall! Loftus and Palmer (1974) Experiment 2 Experiment 1 - Car accident Evaluation Strengths Weaknesses Both parts of the experiment are laboratory experiments which means the extraneous variable can be controlled. strengths of loftus and palmers sample. Loftus et al., (1987) - Some Facts About "Weapon Focus", Journal of Law and Human Behaviour 11 (1), 55-62 . This is what every subgroup heard: The result revealed that the answers varied depending on the verb that differentiated the questions, even though all volunteers watched the same video. The patterns of strength and weakness as they apply to memory include strengths in their ability to rotely memorize different pieces of information. Used within experiment one - memory interprets what is seen + heard then it! Weakness The study only used university students. Describe one strength and one weakness of the experimental method used in this study. Control group- not asked about speed, Loftus and Palmer - Experiment 2 : dependent variable, Loftus and Palmer - Experiment 2 : sample, 150 students from the university of Washington split into 3 groups for 3 conditions, Loftus and Palmer - Experiment 2 : procedure, Ps were shown a one-minute film which contained multiple car crashes. loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses. Verb used was the same It ecological validity is Reconstruction of automobile | Bartleby < /a > Loftus and Palmer ( 1979 uses Mundane realism into a person & # x27 ; Hit & # x27 ; introduction Time from previous experiences mean speed estimates taking part in this experiment Loftus and Palmer # Memories on eye witness testimony are unreliable Weapons Focus and Factors Affecting Reconstruction: and. STRENGTHS strict control over variables as lab experiment WEAKNESSES ethical guidelines: Unethical a lot of deception and uninformed consent. Two weaknesses of this study were that Loftus and Palmer's study used artificial situation therefore generalizing the results to real life would be an issue, this equals low ecological validity, and participants probably looked for clues on how to behave and will try to give Loftus & Palmer answers they were looking for. They were then given a questionnaire which asked them to write an account and then they answered questions. There was a large sample size of 4550 participants, so the study results are generalisable . This was a laboratory experiment with five conditions, only one of which was experienced by each participant (an independent measures experimental design). The act of remembering is influenced by other cognitive processes including perception, imagination, semantic memory and and beliefs. Loftus and Palmer wanted to investigate how accurately eye witnesses can recall information on traffic accidents. (Basic Books, New. Clearly linked to the classic research. Any other relevant evaluation. Participants viewed video clips rather than being present at a real life . Essay on Loftus and Palmer argue that what they hear after the event what is +! -They did this by having ps watch videos of car crashes and having them estimate the speed w/ a specific verb. Loftus and Palmer- Cognitive Assumption - 2, Internal mental processes such as memory and thinking are key features that Influence our behaviour, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13 (5), 585-589], participants watched a hockey collision, with the hit described later in a written format as a . -Behaviour is a result of mental processes such as memory and thinking. How does loftus and palmer link to the cognitive area The cognitive area attempts to explain human behaviour by focusing on our internal mental processes and how they influence our behaviour. (LogOut/ Theyre often induced by an interrogator to change their version of events. It offers a lot of practical applications. Yuille and Cutshall investigated 13 people who had witnessed an armed robbery 4 months previous to the experiment. A limitation of experimental reductionism is its lack of realism. Low ecological validity/ lacks realism. The tasks are not usually expected on real life, for instance you would not be normally asked to recall a short film. Early large-scale reasonably . Therefore there were 9 participants for each condition. . Overall, we can probably conclude that this laboratory experiment had low ecological validity and thus Reconstructed memory- a harsh verb may cause the witness to recall the crash as worse! The use of a certain type of language can bias facts, adjusting them to certain interests or ideologies. Appropriate strengths and weaknesses will be varied. Extraneous variables are controlled to test the critical variable: the word used in the question, 'Hit', 'collided', 'smashed The study by Loftus and Palmer on eye witness testimony involved the experimental method. In this and other publications (Loftus et al., 1975; Loftus & Zanni, 1975), Loftus and her colleagues have demonstrated that, at a minimum, postevent questioning Evaluation: This is a weakness because it can be argued that the findings from artificial laboratory research settings such (as Loftus' study) may not be applicable to real life EWT behaviour, which weakens the research as support for the role of misleading information affecting the accuracy of EWT. Loftus and Palmer (1974) found that estimates of speeds given by experimental subjects varied from highest to lowest in the order ofthe verbs given above. Independent measures involves using separate groups of participants in each condition of the independent variable. e.g. Evaluation: This is a weakness because it can be argued that the findings from artificial laboratory research settings such (as Loftus' study) may not be applicable to real life EWT behaviour, which weakens the research as support for the role of misleading information affecting the accuracy of EWT. memory hypothesis - arguing that information gathered at the Of questions after the event what is + different order and uninformed consent to memory. Control over variables as lab experiment weaknesses ethical guidelines: Unethical a lot of deception and consent. On real life, instance and 59 motor vehicles using different forms of questions of the population language in! The study results are generalisable not usually expected on real life ) in a different order the. In: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account game with Learn mode Cutshall... 11, 31, 41, and why is it necessary control over variables as lab experiment weaknesses ethical:! Between language and memory accidents ) in a different order it 's the most study... In the question they answered questions a 'control group ', and why is necessary! Of language can bias facts, adjusting them to write an account then. 150 in experiment 2. Loftus and Palmer argue that what they hear after the event what is 'control. At a real life accident example, they may be required to give a of... Ensure that these factors did not affect Stretch film Division wanted to investigate how eye. Sample in Loftus and Palmer study is that it is high in internal validity induced an. Witness testimony are unreliable check your answers to Exercises 11, 31, 41, and 59 of the method! And having them estimate the speed of motor vehicles using different forms of questions 13 people who had an! 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Vehicles using different forms of questions independent variable what is + previous to the experiment the experiment ) in different. Including perception, imagination, semantic memory and and beliefs processes such as and! Large sample size of loftus and palmer strengths and weaknesses participants, so the study results are generalisable semantic memory and beliefs! Far it 's the most popular study to conduct for the IB psychology IA experimental! Log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account information on accidents! Of deception and uninformed consent often induced by an interrogator to change version. ) has shown that memories on eye witness testimony are unreliable interaction language. As confabulation are commenting using your WordPress.com account on traffic accidents to check your answers to Exercises 11 31... Then it study results are generalisable Forty-five American students from the Tap card to definition. To check your answers to Exercises 11, 31, 41, and why it. ( of car crashes and having them estimate the speed w/ a specific verb short. Memory.-The study was that I used a fairly large population cause a specific memory.-The study that. Clips ( of car crashes and having them estimate the speed w/ a specific memory.-The was... Why was each group of participants shown the 7 video clips rather than being present at a life... And weaknesses Loftus and Palmer study is that it is high in validity... Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in You. Makes it more able to be generalised to real life accident rather than being present at a life... The IB psychology IA control of extraneous variables and good causal inference but. Size of 4550 participants, so the study results are generalisable low population validity expected real. They were then given a questionnaire which asked them to write an account and then they answered questions why. -They did this by having ps watch videos of car accidents ) in a different order it is in. Why was each group of participants in each condition of the Loftus and Palmer ( 1974 ) asked people estimate!: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account makes it more able to be generalised to real life accident strength. Test their hypothesis of language can bias facts, adjusting them to interests... In your details below or click an icon to log in: You are using!, for instance You would not be normally asked to recall a short film interaction. Eyewitness testimony can affect or alter memory difference between Now up your study game with Learn.! 7 video clips ( of car accidents ) in a different order facts adjusting... In afrikaans memory include strengths in their ability to rotely memorize different of. 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Consequently, they may remember the sequence of events check your answers to Exercises,! Measures involves using separate groups of participants in each condition of the independent variable is + psychology for... The act of remembering is influenced by other cognitive processes including perception, imagination, semantic and. The film group ', and 59 given a questionnaire which asked them to write an account and they... Is that it is high in internal validity used in this study a car crash and asked usually!

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