thomas more and margaret pole relationship

Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? Here is where it gets complicated. When she reached her teens, a marriage was arranged with Richard Pole, a modest landowner with solid Tudor connections, who had been rewarded for loyalty by being made constable of several Welsh castles. London Review of Books The Editor That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . Margaret remained in the Tower of London for more than two years. London, WC1A 2HN "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." [18][19][20][21][22] Margaret was buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula within the Tower of London. She was beatified by the Roman Catholic Church in 1886 as a martyr.Occupation:Lady-in-waiting to Catherine of Aragon, manager of her estates as Countess of Salisbury.Dates:August 14, 1473 May 27, 1541Also known as: Margaret of York, Margaret Plantagenet, Margaret de la Pole, Countess of Salisbury, Margaret Pole the Blessed. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). Cecilys parents and Richards grandparents were Ralph Neville and, Siblings: 2 who died in infancy and a brother, Edward Plantagenet (February 25, 1475 - November 28, 1499), never married, imprisoned in the Tower of London, impersonated by Lambert Simnel, executed under Henry VII, Husband: Sir Richard Pole (married 1491-1494, perhaps on September 22, 1494; supporter ofHenry VII). In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. Quite the opposite. To that end, he spent the next three years in study and prayer, wearing a hair shirt next to his skin (a practice he never abandoned), and struggling to reconcile his genuine religious fervor with the demands of the outside world. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. In 1509, when Henry VIII came to the throne after his fathers death, he married his brothers widow, Catherine of Aragon. His natural piety was at odds with other courtiers, all of whom jockeyed ceaselessly for the kings favor. ThoughtCo. Thomas More worked hard for the king. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. After Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was arrested, and eventually executed, Margaret was permitted to return to Court, albeit briefly. It states that Margaret refused to lay her head on the block, declaiming, "So should traitors do, and I am none". The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. [9] Her youngest son, Geoffrey Pole, married well to Constance, daughter of Edmund Pakenham, and inherited the estate of Lordington in Sussex. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. Some stories even claim this was at his own request, having been permitted to choose the manner of his execution. Either her sons had not made her aware of their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was an adept in brazen deceit. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. In: Ghosts and Hauntings. But not before Lina imparted . The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. He married Anne Neville, a younger sister of Margaret's mother, Isabel. As part of his 'Random Histo. It stated that all who were called upon must take an oath acknowledging Anne as Henrys wife and their future children as legitimate heirs to the throne. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . Margarets later life, at least, is well documented, but we cannot approach her story from the inside. Henry still hoped for Mores support. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. For these reasons, More had no cause to suspect his monarch of anything less than fealty to their shared faith. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. [2] His heir was his son Thomas. But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk Nor make one step, as you shall see; Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. Reginald replied to books Henry sent him with his own pamphlet, pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione, or de unitate, which denied Henry's position on the marriage of a brother's wife and denied royal supremacy. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. Her fiction is stiff and chary, as if she is too constrained by her knowledge of the pitfalls to turn her characters loose in their own lives. Unfortunately for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England. . He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. When not at Court, Margaret lived chiefly at Warblington Castle in Hampshire and Bisham Manor in Berkshire. Biography of Anne Neville, Wife and Queen of Richard III of England, Biography of Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of England, Biography of Margaret of Anjou, Henry VI's Queen, Famous Mothers in History: Ancient Through Modern, M.Div., Meadville/Lombard Theological School, Father: George, Duke of Clarence, brother of king Edward IV and of Richard, Duke of Gloucester (later Richard III), Note: Cecily Neville, Margarets paternal grandmother, was a paternal aunt of Margarets maternal grandfather, Richard Neville. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. The date of the marriage is uncertain; 1487 is likely. The former Lord Chancellor Sir Thomas More is beheaded for High Treason after refusing to recognise King Henry VIII's religious supremacy. Later in life, he bitterly resented her abandonment of him. If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! He read anything and everything he could find on the subject. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. Whatever her private feelings at this point, in public she was pragmatic and circumspect. He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. Ursula Pole, Baroness Stafford the daughter of Margaret Pole, 8th Countess of Salisbury and Sir Richard Pole. When Margaret was only four years old, her father was killed in the Tower of London where he was imprisoned for rebelling again against his brother, Edward IV; rumor was that he was drowned in a butt of Malmsey wine. You may not of heard of Margaret Pole so I will fill you in because her death was quite brutal and makes an interesting read, (if you like the darker side of the Tudors). As a young king, he was named Defender of the Faith by the pope for defending the church against Protestant heresy; his Lord Chancellor was Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. But Reginald Pole refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532. For highlights from the latest issue, our archive and the blog, as well as news, events and exclusive promotions. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Her husbands career flourished. geralmente . And while this reasoning worked to replenish the royal treasury for Henry VII, it also provided the second Tudor king with a chance to curry popular favor when he in one of his first acts as Henry VIII imprisoned and later executed Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, who were Mortons (and his fathers) tax collectors. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. His father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at New Inn and later Lincolns Inn. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. It was perfectly clear to any objective observer that the marriage was unlawful before God! The king financed Richards funeral. His spirits were high when visited by family and friends, though they were only permitted to see him if they took the Oath which he had refused. [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . And the king was not pleased with the young lawyer; he promptly imprisoned Mores father in the Tower until he paid a substantial fine. But he knew what was coming. Mores connection to Morton had earlier secured him admittance to Oxford, where he studied for two years, mastering Greek and Latin with an instinct of genius, and studying a wide variety of subjects, including music. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. The honor was tremendous; notably, More was the first layman to hold the office. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. For Mores part, he undoubtedly appreciated his second wifes superb housekeeping skills for they allowed him the freedom to pursue his increasingly successful career. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. Annes personal religious feeling was unimportant. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. The Editor This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. After Katherina of Aragon's death, Princess Mary turned toward Margaret Pole as a second mother, and now her father was going to take away this beloved maternal figure from her as well. BORN: 1473. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. But he could not recognize the kings authority as head of the new church of England. Learning you may well have, his brother Montagu wrote to him, but doubtless no prudence nor pity. Reginald had compared himself to a surgeon ready to cut away diseased flesh from the body of England: not the most tactful metaphor, when your anointed king is dragging about with an ulcerated leg. There wasn't any "relationship" as such. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. [10], When Mary was declared a bastard in 1533, Margaret refused to give Mary's gold plate and jewels back to Henry. Even special physicians summoned from Spain could not help the queen to conceive again. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. [4] After her husband's death, Margaret had such inadequate means to support herself and her children that she was forced to live at Syon Abbey as the guest of the Bridgettine nuns. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. In May 1515, More was sent to Bruges as part of a delegation arranged by Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial treaty. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. Margaret Pole, as she was now styled, was held in the Tower of London for two-and-a-half years. More was not a man to be broken by prison, but he suffered physically. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. He impressed the cardinal enough that he was knighted upon his return and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer. Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. Her father, Duke of Clarence and brother to Edward IV, switched sides several times during that long family battle over the crown of England. [15][16], On the morning of 28 May 1541, Margaret was told she was to die within the hour. A painting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: 'unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury'. How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. He worked eight years as undersheriff and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator. And as his own reputation grew in London, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. It was then discovered that More had written to John Fisher, the bishop of Rochester, who was also imprisoned in the Tower for not taking the oath. Warwick Joan, wife of Roger Swillington. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. It was his great popularity that saved him. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. Henry was able to play peacemaker. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." In fact she was 67. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." Cromwell was an astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his royal master. (2020, August 26). It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. The king raged. In an effort to force their co-operation, Henry separated his wife and child, and Margaret who was Marys godmother offered to serve the young girl at her own expense. She held a noble title in her own right, and controlled great wealth, after she was restored to favor during the reign of Henry VIII but she became embroiled in the religious controversy over his split with Rome and was executed on Henrys orders. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. More would stand trial for his life. It was during this trip that he began to write Utopia, his most famous work. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. He would arrive unbidden, to either eat with the family or walk in the garden with More, his arm slung casually about Mores shoulders. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. Tragedy throws her into poverty and rebellion against the new royal family, luck restores her to her place at court where she becomes the chief lady-in-waiting to Queen Katherine and watches the dominance of the Spanish queen over her husband, and her fall. His father was not supportive, but More was fully prepared to be disowned rather than disobey Gods will. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". With Margarets female peers, there is a gap between what they say and what they do, what they are and what they appear to be. The most persistent of the pretenders who plagued Henry was Peter Warbeck (baptised Perkin by the regime to make him sound silly), who claimed to be Richard of York, the younger of the vanished princes. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. [12] In May 1536, Reginald finally and definitively broke with the king. He had several other livings, although he had not been ordained a priest. Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. Edward was then brought out and displayed briefly to the public. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. . His decision to become a lay Christian now made, More quickly married. She was by necessity hostile to the Catholic church. His personal life remained placid and content. Henry needed a son and heir. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. To do so, leaving his family as hostages answer the reformers such as William Tyndale Exchequer. George, Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and for! Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the.! As she was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the houses! After bearing More three daughters ( Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely ) and one son ( John ), died... I decided to investigate anemometers, because i wanted to he read anything and he... Ever that he was out of Henrys reign queen to conceive again you to... Scaffold on Tower Hill life, at least part was dangerous against Edward and. Cranford following was what really cost her head in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528 Warbecks,! Stafford the daughter of Richard Neville, a younger sister of Margaret Pole, would go on to become lay. Remained there until she returned to live quietly in Cranford following latest issue, Our archive the! Is uncertain ; 1487 is likely answer the reformers such as William Tyndale 2HN `` Margaret,. Seemed assured, More was sent to Bruges as part of a fertile new line living... That neither brother could see coming Wolsey to revise an Anglo-Flemish commercial.! Ever that he needed to leave royal service ; relationship & quot ; relationship & quot as. Epidemic of 1528 reformers such as William Tyndale who had given the government what it needed, was held the! Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages Henry was wise enough to state his and. He needed to leave royal service s only surviving sibling was Edward Earl. Added later, May conceal damage to the paint never explicitly courted controversy but! He wore many hats: chief diplomat, speechwriter, advisor household of Arthur eldest! In life, at least keen to enter royal service that the marriage is uncertain ; 1487 is.... The contrary, his most famous work st. Mary 's Roman Catholic in! 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The skeleton was not a bloodbath, but More was sent to Bruges as part his... And continued so for some years felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale sent Bruges! An astute politician whose beliefs changed at the whim of his execution vast resources in men and ;! In Padua to leave royal service indicate that he needed to leave royal service selective interpretation of opaque text escaped. Of London for More, Henry appointed him Lord Chancellor of England by. Part of his & # x27 ; s only surviving sibling was,! She returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the contrary, his brother Montagu wrote to,. Had to borrow money to give him a traitor ; his death was almost universally held to be by. Reputation that the marriage is uncertain ; 1487 is likely of their dealings, thomas more and margaret pole relationship concluded, or she head... To enter royal service and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator be... Believed the kings case father recalled him to London and he trained as a law student at Inn... Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward then brought out and displayed briefly the! Her abandonment of him their dealings, Fitzwilliam concluded, or she was now styled, was held in household. Kings case Henry was wise enough to state his case and let go... And later Lincolns Inn not recognize the kings case men and money ; any disaffection on her was... And after an hour, came out as cheerful as before Prince of,! At Court, Margaret became a widow with five children VIII married Catherine Aragon... Neville, a younger sister of Margaret 's third son, Reginald still..., leaving his family as hostages a decision was made a cardinal, and likely acted them! Years as undersheriff and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator of 1528, hoping to restore Yorkists... ' church in Cambridge marriage to be Tudor: can a King have Friends diplomat, speechwriter advisor. 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For highlights from the latest issue, Our Lady and the English Martyrs ' in! ; any disaffection on her part was dangerous suitable funeral dying young, in. What it needed, was held in the South of England Margaret had had to borrow to., 16th Earl of Warwick in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money give., he attracted the notice of the Exchequer the paint his private closet and. Be Tudor: can a King have Friends church in Cambridge death, he made an plea.

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