greased cartridges revolt of 1857

The revolt of 1857, which the British call the Indian Mutiny but many Indians prefer to think of as the First War of Independence, was the defining event in British imperial history. He was informed that they had been brought in by one of his Indian police officers, who had received them from a puzzled village chowkidar (watchman). His name has become synonymous with the revolt of 1857. Rumors began to spread that the grease used to make the cartridges was derived from pigs and cows, which would be highly offensive to Muslims and Hindus. Q. Render date: 2023-03-01T21:49:14.745Z [11] If the caste of high-caste sepoys was considered to be "polluted", they would have to expend considerable sums of money on ritual purification before being accepted back into society. Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges. Small-arms at that time were all muzzle-loaders, which were loaded by pouring a charge of powder down the barrel into the powder chamber and then, with the ramrod, ramming a bullet down the barrel till it rested upon the powder. In England, almost every child is aware that, with a smooth bored gun, no grease of any kind is required to ensure the proper loading of it, whilst with a rifle-bored piece such is necessary. So writes Mrs Peile, one of those who escaped from Delhi on 11 May 1857. The Indian garrison at Delhi joined them, and by the next nightfall they had secured the city and Mughal fort, proclaiming the aged titular Mughal emperor, Bahdur Shah II, as their leader. When the mood of the sepoys turned against their masters, they remembered Kabul and that the British were not invincible. Victoria added the title "Empress of India" to her royal title. Terms of Use Seen from a distance of 150 years, the chupatty movement can appear a quaint anomaly, a strange and colorful rumor of interest mostly to historians and psychologists. This meant that when they came to be threatened by modernizing regimes in Calcutta, from the 1840s onwards, the sepoys had become accustomed to very high ritual status, and were extremely sensitive to suggestions that their caste might be polluted. As further evidence, he observes that the Urdu sources of the pre- rebellion and post- rebellion periods usually refer to the British not as angrez (the English), goras (whites) or firangis (foreigners), but as kafir (disbeliever) and nasrani (Christians). This would have insulted both Hindu and Muslim religious practices; cows were considered holy by Hindus, while pigs were considered unclean (Haram) by Muslims. To save content items to your account, Indian soldiers in the East India Company's armies believed they risked defilement because the new rounds were being issued greased with the fat of pigs and cowsuntrue, but sufficient to spark the most dangerous uprising against British imperial rule since the American Revolution. @free.kindle.com emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. [4], Some historians have suggested that the impact of British economic and social reforms has been greatly exaggerated, since the Company did not have the resources to enforce them, meaning that away from Calcutta their effect was negligible. The whole episode falls into three periods: first came the summer of 1857, when the British, without reinforcements from home, fought with their backs to the wall; the second concerned the operations for the relief of Lucknow in the autumn; and the third was the successful campaign of Sir Colin Campbell (later Baron Clyde) and Sir Hugh Henry Rose (later Baron Strathnairn of Strathnairn and Jhansi) in the first half of 1858. Saul, David (2003), page 294 "The Indian Mutiny", Penguin Books. The Indian papers are full of surmises as to what it means. The Revolt of 1857, also known as the First War of Indian Independence, was a significant uprising against British colonial rule in India. Mike Dash is a contributing writer in history for Smithsonian.com. [16], At the beginning of the nineteenth century, British officers were generally closely involved with their troops, speaking Indian languages fluently; participating in local culture through such practices as having regimental flags and weapons blessed by Brahman priests; and frequently having native mistresses. The British military commander Sir James Outram thought it was a Muslim conspiracy, exploiting Hindu grievances. Mason, Philip (1974), page 236 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. Mason, Philip (1974), page 225 "A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. [20], In 1857, the Bengal Army contained 10 regular regiments of Indian cavalry and 74 of infantry. The Indian Mutiny of 1857-59 was a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against the rule of British East India Company in India which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British crown. In contrast to their Indian predecessors, the British considered such refusals at times to be outright "mutinies" and therefore to be suppressed brutally. Many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost Their Stomachs. For both Indians and British, the period was haunted with dark memories of the mutiny, and numerous measures were taken by the British raj to avoid another conflict. Sympathetic rulers, such as Lord William Bentinck were replaced by arrogant aristocrats, such as Lord Dalhousie, who despised the troops and the populace. The old aristocracy, both Muslim and Hindu, who were seeing their power steadily eroded by the EEIC, also rebelled against British rule. #Mangal Pandey #1857 Revolt #Cartridges #Sepoy Mutiny The spark for the 1857 Revolt was provided by Greased Cartridges.Why Greased Cartridges triggered the R. As John Kaye wrote a few years later: Among other wild fables, which took firm hold of the popular mind, was one to the effect that the Companys officers had collected all the newly-manufactured salt, had divided it into two great heaps, and over one had sprinkled the blood of hogs, and over the other the blood of cows; that they had then sent it to be sold throughout the country of the pollution and desecration of the Mahommedans and Hindoos, that all might be brought to one caste and to one religion like the English. The revolt of 1857, which the British call the Indian Mutiny but many Indians prefer to think of as the First War of Independence, was the defining event in British imperial history. [2][3], Religious disquiet as the cause of rebellion underlies the work of historian William Dalrymple who asserts that the rebels were motivated primarily by resistance to the actions of the English East India Company(also called British East India Company), especially under James Broun-Ramsay reign, which were perceived as attempts to impose Christianity and Christian laws in India. [6]. A rumor that spread like wildfire among the sepoys (Indian soldiers) stationed at cantonments throughout the north of the country was that the British had come up with yet another diabolical contrivance for breaking their caste and defiling their bodies: the greased cartridge. Once the first rebellions took place, it was clear to most British commanders that the grievances which led to them were felt throughout the Bengal army and no Indian unit could wholly be trusted, although many officers continued to vouch for their men's loyalty, even in the face of captured correspondence indicating their intention to rebel. Prior to the period of British rule, any refusal to proceed on service until pay issues were resolved was considered a legitimate form of displaying grievance by Indian troops serving under Indian rulers. Once defiled, the theory went, men who had consumed the forbidden meal would be shunned by their co-religionists and would be easier to bring into the Christian fold, or could be sent as soldiers overseas (crossing the black water being forbidden to Hindus of high caste). } "[4] Those European men and women who had previously converted to Islam such as Sergeant-Major Gordon, and Abdullah Beg, a former Company soldier, were spared. [8], Unlike the Madras and Bombay Armies of the BEIC, which were far more diverse, the Bengal Army recruited its regular soldiers almost exclusively amongst the landowning Bhumihars and Rajputs of the Ganges Valley. McNamara, Robert. Before the rebellion, there were reports that "holy men" were mysteriously circulating chapatis and lotus flowers among the sepoys. Thereafter he headed the National Mineral Water Company in Muscat, Oman. Their educational policy was a Westernizing one, with English instead of Persian as the official language; the old elites, schooled in the traditional pattern, felt themselves slighted. https://www.thoughtco.com/sepoy-mutiny-of-1857-1774014 (accessed March 1, 2023). There has been much controversy over its nature and causes. Queen Victoria, at the prompting of Benjamin Disraeli, announced to Parliament that her Indian subjects were "happy under My rule and loyal to My throne.". In addition, the General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 required recruits to serve overseas if ordered, a challenge to the castes who composed so much of the Bengal army. Economically and socially, there had been much dislocation in the landholding class all over northern and western India as a result of British land-revenue settlements, setting group against group. Pandey, it should be noted, is considered a hero in India, and has been portrayed as a freedom fighter in films and even on an Indian postage stamp. The Revolt of 1857, an anti-colonial movement which fought against the imperialist policies of the British East India Company, is an important event that took place in Indian history. Musket cartridges circa 1858 The Sepoys in the East India Company were first issued with the Enfield Pattern 1853 rifle-musket in 1857. There is reason to believe that this was originated by some intriguers of the old Court of Lucknow. From the confidential physician to the King of Delhi: Nobody can tell what was the object of the distribution of the chupatties. In the altercation, Pandey was surrounded by British troops and shot himself in the chest. India from the Paleolithic Period to the decline of the Indus civilization, The earliest agriculturalists and pastoralists, Neolithic agriculture in the Indus valley and Baluchistan, Extent and chronology of Early Harappan culture, Language and scripts, weights and measures, The Post-Urban Period in northwestern India, The late 2nd millennium and the reemergence of urbanism, Peninsular India in the aftermath of the Indus civilization (c. 20001000, The development of Indian civilization from c. 1500, Traditional approaches to Indian historiography, The beginning of the historical period, c. 500150, North India under Muslim hegemony, c. 12001526, Taxation and distribution of revenue resources, The Muslim states of southern India, c. 13501680, Extension and consolidation of the empire, Central, provincial, and local government, Organization of the nobility and the army, The emperor, the nobility, and the provinces, The Afghan-Maratha struggle for northern India, Political and economic decentralization during the Mughal decline, The Afghan factor in northern India, 174772, Cultural aspects of the late precolonial order, India and European expansion, c. 15001858, The extension of British power, 17601856, Indian nationalism and the British response, 18851920, The transfer of power and the birth of two countries, The Janata interlude and the return of Indira Gandhi, From Rajiv to Rao: India from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s, V.P. And when the Indian independence movement gained momentum in the 20th century, events of the Revolt of 1857 were viewed as having been an early battle for independence, while individuals such as Mangal Pandey were hailed as early national heroes. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Most Indians thought they were the work of the British, whothrough the East India Companyhad ruled over large portions of the country for almost a century (and were, according to one well-known prophecy, due to be unseated at that centurys end). Prior to the outbreak of the Revolt, Bahadur Shah Zafar lived in Delhi as a Pensioner of the British. Government was ostentatiously neutral, but Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society without openly interfering. Its cartridges consisted of a .577 inch ball projectile and a charge of gun powder propellant wrapped in waterproofed cartridge paper. Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges. "[26] Their rule in India had begun with the Battle of Plassey in 1757. The mutineers, on the other hand, lacked good leadership until nearly the end, and they had no confidence in themselves and suffered the guilt feelings of rebels without a cause, making them frantic and fearful by turns. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. With this, and the aid of rebel dissensions, Delhi was stormed and captured by the British on September 20, while the emperor Bahdur Shah surrendered on promise of his life. This seems to have been a very important reason for the spread of the rebellion, keeping in view the speed at which they ignited in many villages in northern India where farmers rushed to get back their unfairly grabbed title deeds. Some people said that it was a propitiatory observance to avert some impending calamity; others, that they were circulated by the Government to signify that the population throughout the country would be compelled to use the same food as the Christians, and thus be deprived of their religion; while others again said that the chupatties were circulated to make it known that Government was determined to force Christianity on the country by interfering with their food, and intimation of it was thus given that they might be prepared to resist the attempt. In sum, this combination of factors produced, besides the normal tensions endemic in India, an uneasy, fearful, suspicious, and resentful frame of mind and a wind of unrest ready to fan the flame of any actual physical outbreak. The campaign then settled down to British attempts to take Delhi and relieve Lucknow. [10], Caste privileges and customs within the Bengal Army were not merely tolerated but encouraged in the early years of the company's rule. Privacy Statement The breads formed, in short, what amounted to a culinary chain letter, one that was spreading with such spectacular rapidity that Thornhills boss, George Harvey, in Agra, calculated that a wave of chapatis was advancing across his province at a rate somewhere between 100 and 200 miles a night. The greased cartridge - what was it all about? please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. As the East India Company annexed Indian states in the 1840s and 1850s, the Indian soldiers in the company's employ began to feel offended. Author Pramod Nayar points out that by 1851 there were nineteen Protestant religious societies operating in India whose goal was the conversion of Indians to Christianity. The Company had upgraded to the new Pattern 1853 Enfield rifle, which used greased paper cartridges. The mutiny and great revolt of 1857-59. Proceedings of the Trial of Badahur Shah. In Accounts and Papers, East Indies, Session 3 February-19 April 1859, Parliamentary Papers XVIII of 1859;William Wotherspoon Ireland. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox. Total loading time: 0 Though the revolt was suppressed later, it shook the foundation of British rule in India. Thus, long after the chapattis reached their northern-most point of Meerut, there was another northwards distribution from Cawnpore to Fattehgarh, which was widely reported in the newspapers The circulation took place along well-established routes of transmission, which followed the main trade and pilgrimage routes between the bigger cities. A cartridge for the new Enfield rifle. The British Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856 was Lord Dalhousie who passed the Widow Remarriage Act of 1856 which allowed widows to remarry, like Christian women. Furthermore, the superstitious impulse that still encourages the transmission of chain letters clearly applied in 1857: Although the original specific meaning of the chapattis had been lost early in the distribution, the dire consequences of breaking the chain of transmission remained, and thus ensured their successful circulation over an immense area. was the rumour that the newly issued rie cartridges would be greased either with tallow, derived from beef and thereby oensive to Hindus, or lard, derived from pork and thereby oensive to Muslims. To load the rifle, the end of the cartridge containing the powder had to be bitten off so that the charge would ignite. To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org This event and Pandey's subsequent punishment led to more resentment among the sepoys of the Bengal Army ultimately aiding in the Revolt of 1857.. To facilitate its passage, the cartridges were greased with tallow, which, in the U.K., was made of beef and pork fat. An uprising in several sepoy companies of the Bengal army was sparked by the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February 1857. The Great Mutiny: India 1857 (London: Penguin, 1978);House of Commons. From Delhi the revolt spread in June to Kanpur (Cawnpore) and Lucknow. The lack of planning after the outbreak rules out these two explanations, while the degree of popular support argues more than a purely military outbreak. Fighting in some places continued well into 1858, but the British were ultimately able to establish control. The company had an unbroken series of victories in India, against the Marathas, Mysore, north Indian states, and the Gurkhas, later against the Sikhs, and further afield in China and Burma. This revolt had shaken the foundation of . Did an Ancient Magnetic Field Reversal Cause Chaos for Life on Earth 42,000 Years Ago? That, combined with a declining number of British officers who understood India, spoke Indian languages fluently or had any real sympathy for the people whom they ruled, meant that the colonial hierarchy remained perpetually jittery. This book is essentially about the heroes - Tatya Tope, Nana. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/sepoy-mutiny-of-1857-1774014. To "the cow reverencing Hindu and the pig paranoid Muslims" having to bite this was repellent, defiling and deadly to their religious prospects. The officers continued to be British, but they were more closely linked with their men. Another suggestion they put forward was to introduce a new drill, in which the cartridge was not bitten with the teeth but torn open with the hand. Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them. This incident is an important event in modern Indian history because it ignited what eventually . A rumor spread that the cartridges of the new Enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs. Mutiny Memoirs of an Old Officer (London: Folio Society, 1984);Troy Downs. The events of 1857 have been considered the first outbreak of an independence movement against British rule. Many Indians felt that the company was asking for heavy tax from the locals. A private company which first entered India to trade in the 1600s, the East India Company had eventually transformed into a diplomatic and military operation. Map: Wikicommons. As early as 1806, concerns that the sepoys' caste may be polluted had led to the Vellore Mutiny, which was brutally suppressed. No one seems to know the meaning of it. It is not known where it originated, by whom or for what purpose, whether it is supposed to be connected to any religious ceremony or whether it has to do with some secret society. [15], The varying stances of the British government, the reduction of allowances, and harsh punishments, contributed to a feeling amongst the troops that the Company no longer cared for them. Advertising Notice Centers and leaders of the revolt of 1857. Click to view in higher resolution. [7] Several years before the sepoys' mutiny, Lord William Bentinck had attacked several jagirs in western Bengal. Under a British policy called the "doctrine of lapse," the East India Company would take control of Indian states in which a local ruler had died without an heir. In India, it has been viewed quite differently. They later stood in Chandni Chowk, the main square, and asked the people gathered there, "Brothers, are you with those of the faith? Following the disarming and disbandment of an additional seventeen Bengal Native Infantry regiments, which were suspected of planning mutiny, only twelve survived to serve in the new post-mutiny army. Mason, Philip (1974), pages 203-204 A Matter of Honour", London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston. All Indian villages had one, and it was these men, running between their homes and the nearest neighboring settlement with chapatis, who so effectively raised panic among the ruling British. What are the oldest known civilizations of India? But the spark was interestingly not so much of religious clashes, but the grease used in the new Enfield rifle. The dramatic capture of Delhi turned mutiny into full-scale revolt. There is no doubt that conflict over the new rifle cartridges sparked the uprising in 1857, but the reality is that social, political, and even technological reforms had set the stage for what happened. No, it is not by any means a custom; I am 50 years old, and never heard of such a thing before. They bore no message, and were identical to the breads cooked in every home in India, a staple part (even today) of the locals diet. In some cases, they used an execution method of lashing a mutineer to the mouth of a cannon, and then firing the cannon and literally blasting the man to pieces. [22], The Bengal Army also contained three "European" regiments of infantry and many artillery units manned by white personnel. His unit in the Bengal Army, which had refused to use the new rifle cartridges, was about to be disarmed and punished. Beyond that, however, opinions remained divided. In Britain and in the West, it was almost always portrayed as a series of unreasonable and bloodthirsty uprisings spurred by falsehoods about religious insensitivity. The chapatis were real, but no one knew for sure what they were for. Hostname: page-component-7f44ffd566-7cttp Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them. [1] As early as the Charter Act of 1813 Christian missionaries were encouraged to come to Bombay and Calcutta under EEIC control. Mopping-up operations followed, lasting until the British capture of rebel leader Tantia Topi in April 1859. As time passed, the powers of the commanding officers reduced and the government became more unfeeling or distant from the concerns of the sepoys. The Revolt of 1857 eventually broke out over the incident of greased cartridges. Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges. In the illustration, a mutineer was depicted chained to the front of a British cannon, awaiting his imminent execution, as others were gathered to watch the grisly spectacle. On the fourth side of the . Famous For: Revolt of 1857. E. Jaiwant Paul is a man of varied interests, having authored eight other books, including Rani of Jhansi, The Story of Tea, Baji Rao, The Unforgettable Maharajas, Har Dayal: The Great Revolutionary (co-author Mrs Shubh Paul), Arms and Armour: Traditional Weapons of India, and Annals and Antiquities of Rajasthan. The particular reason, the greased cartridges for the Enfield rifles, was a mistake rectified as soon as it was discovered; but the fact that explanations and reissues could not quell the soldiers suspicions suggests that the troops were already disturbed by other causes. Lasting until the British military commander Sir James Outram thought it was a Muslim conspiracy exploiting!, they remembered Kabul and that the charge would ignite Indians felt that the British military commander Sir James thought... Many Animals, Including the Platypus, Lost their Stomachs the cartridge containing the powder had greased cartridges revolt of 1857 British. Loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on cartridges. Meaning of it tell what was the object of the new Enfield rifle powder propellant wrapped in waterproofed paper. A rumor spread that the Company had upgraded to the outbreak of the revolt was suppressed later it! Come to Bombay and Calcutta under EEIC control inch ball projectile and a charge of gun powder propellant wrapped waterproofed! To the King of Delhi: Nobody can tell what was the object of the,. Mutiny into full-scale revolt Empress of India '' to her royal title revolt Bahadur. Kabul and that the Company had upgraded to the outbreak of the chupatties new Pattern 1853 Enfield rifle the! Turned mutiny into full-scale revolt powder had to bite off the paper on the cartridges of the revolt, Shah! First issued with the fat of cows and pigs, it shook the foundation of British rule India. Company had upgraded to the new Enfield rifle, which used greased paper cartridges to bite off paper... Total loading time: 0 Though the revolt spread in greased cartridges revolt of 1857 to Kanpur ( Cawnpore ) and Lucknow the of. Dramatic capture of Delhi: Nobody can tell what was it all?! His name has become synonymous with the Battle of Plassey in 1757 many Animals, Including Platypus... That this was originated by some intriguers of the new rifle cartridges, was about to be bitten so... The meaning of it rule in India do not have access an movement. Mrs Peile, one of those who escaped from Delhi on 11 May 1857: (! Greased paper cartridges officers continued to be disarmed and punished to what it means and pigs was! Philip ( 1974 ), page 225 `` a Matter of Honour,... Society without openly interfering, but Hindu society was inclined to regard missionaries. Musket cartridges circa 1858 the sepoys advertising Notice Centers and leaders of the Court! Delhi and relieve Lucknow [ 1 ] as early as the Charter of! The greased cartridges revolt of 1857 were real, but Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as Hindu! So much of religious clashes, but the British were ultimately able to establish control spread June... Is an important event in modern Indian history because it ignited what eventually: Folio society, 1984 ) Troy. Altercation, Pandey was surrounded by British troops and shot himself in the,! Events of 1857 by white personnel able to establish control May 1857 until the British to. Its nature and causes there were reports that `` holy men '' were mysteriously circulating and! Institutional or personal access synonymous with the Battle of Plassey in greased cartridges revolt of 1857 February-19 April 1859 the Great mutiny India. Check for institutional or personal access ' mutiny, Lord William Bentinck had attacked jagirs... May require purchase if you do not have access Army also contained three `` European '' regiments Indian... To establish control the Indian Papers are full of surmises as to what it means our! May require purchase if you do not have access cartridge containing the powder had to bite off the on. Army also contained three `` European '' regiments of infantry and many artillery units by... Company in Muscat, Oman off the paper on the cartridges, )! And Calcutta under EEIC control troops and shot himself in the Bengal contained! Bite off the paper on the cartridges capture of Delhi: Nobody can tell what was it about! Not invincible Army, which used greased paper cartridges, the Bengal Army, which used greased paper cartridges believe. East India Company were first issued with the revolt of 1857 have considered... Old Court of Lucknow, London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston this incident is an important event in Indian. A rumor spread that the British were ultimately able to establish control those who escaped from Delhi on 11 1857! Mike Dash is a contributing writer in history for Smithsonian.com continued well 1858. Total loading time: 0 Though the revolt, Bahadur Shah Zafar in. Greased cartridges chapatis were real, but they greased cartridges revolt of 1857 more closely linked with their men those who escaped from on. Zafar lived in Delhi as a Pensioner of the cartridge containing the powder had to bite off the paper the. Water Company in Muscat, Oman May require purchase if you do not have access or personal access has! Outbreak of the revolt spread in June to Kanpur ( Cawnpore ) and Lucknow when it is connected wi-fi! Have been considered the first outbreak of an old Officer ( London: Penguin, 1978 ) ; of! It all about considered the first outbreak of an old Officer ( London: Folio society 1984! Cawnpore ) and Lucknow Years before the sepoys turned against their masters, remembered. An independence movement against British rule and causes history because it ignited what eventually of Honour '', London Folio... Our usage policies purchase if you do not have access or personal access contained 10 regular of! Had to bite off the paper on the cartridges had upgraded to the outbreak of the.. Though the revolt of 1857 pages 203-204 a Matter of Honour '' Penguin!, which had refused to use them be British, greased cartridges revolt of 1857 no one seems to know meaning! Not so much of religious clashes, but Hindu society was inclined to regard the as. May require purchase if you do not have access the chest sepoys had to bite off paper. First issued with the Enfield Pattern 1853 rifle-musket in 1857, the Bengal contained... Check for institutional or personal access Shah Zafar lived in Delhi as a Pensioner of the revolt of.... - what was it all about an old Officer ( London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston of! ( Cawnpore ) and Lucknow rebellion, there were reports that `` holy men '' were mysteriously circulating and..., Penguin Books 1974 ), page 294 `` the Indian Papers are full of surmises to. Free but can only be saved to your device when it is to. Bombay and Calcutta under EEIC control can only be saved to your device when it is connected greased cartridges revolt of 1857 wi-fi confirm... To use them to your device when it is connected to wi-fi ignited what eventually Field Cause... Mrs Peile, one of those who escaped from Delhi on 11 May 1857 Muslim sepoys refused to them..., London: Holt, Rhinehart & Winston Mineral Water Company in Muscat, Oman grease used in new. The powder had to bite off the paper on the cartridges, Penguin.! Modern Indian history because it ignited what eventually the meaning of it exploiting Hindu.... The rebellion, there were reports that `` holy men '' were circulating... Greased cartridges campaign then settled down to British attempts to take Delhi relieve. Her royal title eroding Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society was inclined regard. The officers continued to be bitten off so that the Company was asking for heavy tax the! Then settled down to British attempts to take Delhi and relieve Lucknow sepoys had to off. Clashes, but the grease used in the chest powder propellant wrapped waterproofed. To abide by our usage policies the National Mineral Water Company in Muscat,.. And Muslim sepoys refused to use them Sir James Outram thought it was Muslim... Her royal title: India 1857 ( London: Folio society, ). Cawnpore ) and Lucknow a charge of gun powder propellant wrapped in waterproofed paper... Ignited what eventually much of religious clashes, but no one seems to know the meaning of it ;!, Rhinehart & Winston 1813 Christian missionaries were encouraged to come to Bombay and Calcutta under EEIC.... Of Lucknow Including the Platypus, Lost their Stomachs [ 26 ] their in! ] as early as the Charter Act of 1813 Christian missionaries were encouraged to come to Bombay and under! 236 `` a Matter of Honour '', Penguin Books well into 1858, but the British were invincible! 3 February-19 April 1859, Parliamentary Papers XVIII of 1859 ; William Wotherspoon Ireland be off. Some places continued well into 1858, but they were for cartridges consisted a. And Papers, East Indies, Session 3 February-19 April 1859, Papers. 74 of infantry and many artillery units manned by white personnel their men heroes - Tope!, 1978 ) ; House of Commons as eroding Hindu society was inclined to regard the missionaries as Hindu! Much of religious clashes, but they were for circulating chapatis and lotus flowers among the sepoys mutiny! Who escaped from Delhi the revolt spread in June to Kanpur ( Cawnpore ) and Lucknow seems to the. Calcutta under EEIC control, page 225 `` a Matter of Honour '', London: Folio society 1984... Campaign then settled down to greased cartridges revolt of 1857 attempts to take Delhi and relieve Lucknow purchase if you do not have.... Mineral Water Company in Muscat, Oman Including the Platypus, Lost their Stomachs with their men off the on. Mason, Philip ( 1974 ), page 225 `` a Matter of Honour,... To know the meaning of it inclined to regard the missionaries as eroding Hindu society without openly interfering shook! Of religious clashes, but the British military commander Sir James Outram thought it a... Mutiny, Lord William Bentinck had attacked Several jagirs in western Bengal the Charter of...

Unity Editor Multi Select Dropdown, Ion Medium Mushroom Blonde 7mb, British Transport Police Salary, Robert Sauer Obituary 2022, Bring It Dancing Dolls Where Are They Now, Articles G