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contrapositive statement

Categorical proposition The logic is simple: given a premise or statement, presume that the statement is false. Assume that \ (a\) and \ (b\) are both even. 22 Activity Sheet 2: Logic and Conditional Statements . STATEMENTS Conditional and Biconditional Statements Converse: Suppose a conditional statement of … Contrapositive Statement formed from a conditional statement by switching AND negating the hypothesis and conclusion Biconditional Statement combining a conditional statement and its converse, using the phrase “if and only if” Fill in the meaning of each of the following symbols. When is it false? For all integers n, if n is even, then n 2 is even. Mathwords: Contrapositive. Viewed 2k times 1 0 $\begingroup$ I just wanted to make sure that my logic here is not faulty. Contrapositive Proof - Gordon College (:B =):A) The second statement is called the contrapositive of the rst. Section 1.3 Review - Oak Ridge National Laboratory contrapositive of this statement? It has shapes and angles, and it also has logic. If a triangle does not have 2 congruent sides, then it is not isosceles. If 3jn then n = 3a for some a 2Z. Like the conditional statements presented in section 1.2, a universal conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive, but not to its converse or inverse forms. also have the same truth value. 3. A statement and its contrapositive are logically equivalent, in the sense that if the statement is true, then its contrapositive is true and vice versa. Quick Answer: What Is The Contrapositive Of P → Q ... 2-2 Conditional Statements Lesson Quiz: Part II Identify the hypothesis and conclusion of each conditional. What is the converse of statement a? … Switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. The study of arguments using categorical statements (i.e., syllogisms) forms an important branch of deductive reasoning that began with the Ancient Greeks. The conditional statement is false when the hypothesis is true and the conclusion is false. Contrapositive. Follow. 2 If … When is it true? A student writes the statement ∠BEA≅∠DEC to help prove the triangles are congruent. The converse: if Q then P. It turns out that the \original" and the \contrapositive" … Negate the hypothesis. The midpoint theorem states that “The line segment in a triangle joining the midpoint of two sides of the triangle is said to be parallel to its third side and is also half of the length of the third side.” MidPoint Theorem Proof. contrapositive STATEMENT VARIATIONS ON THE CONDITIONAL STATEMENT Direct statement Converse Inverse Contrapositive If p, then q. Switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. If we take x to be any value so that is … A statement formed from a conditional statement by negating the hypothesis and the conclusion. Note: As in the example, the … The contrapositive of an implication p → q is: ¬q → ¬p The contrapositive is equivalent to the original implication. However, indirect methods such as proof by contradiction can also be used with contraposition, as, for example, in the proof of the irrationality of the square root of 2. 2) "A polygon is a triangle if and only if the sum of its interior angles is 180°." Contrapositive Examples | The Infinite Series Module Geometry is a wonderful part of mathematics for people who don't like a lot of numbers. So it is logically equivalent to the original statement. For example, the contrapositive of “If it is raining then the grass is wet” is “If the grass is not wet then it is not raining.”. The converse of p … Mathematical representation: Conditional statement: p ⇒ q. Contrapositive statement: ~q ⇒ ~p If 3 - n2, then 3 - n. Proof. Share this link with a friend: Copied! Write the given statement as a conditional. A conditional statement defines that if the hypothesis is true then the conclusion is true. Definition of contrapositive : a proposition or theorem formed by contradicting both the subject and predicate or both the hypothesis and conclusion of a given proposition or theorem and interchanging them "if not- B then not- A " is the contrapositive of "if A then B " For example, Contrapositive: “If yesterday was not Sunday, then today is not Monday” Here the conditional statement logic is, if not B, then not A (~B → ~A) Biconditional Statement Write the contrapositive. For my linear algebra homework, I have to prove that "If \\vec{u} \\neq \\vec{0} and a\\vec{u} = b\\vec{u}, then a = b." Again, the contrapositive is certainly true. 2) ~ q → p. 3) q → ~ p. 4) None of these. Symbolically, the contrapositive of p q is ~q~p. 2 Contrapositive Since p =)q is logically equivavlent to :q =):p, we can prove :q =):p. It is good form to alert the reader at the beginning that the proof is going to be done by contrapositive. Tags: Question 31 . Conditional Statement A statement written in “if-then” format Hypothesis The phrase following but NOT INCLUDING the word if. statement must be true for that (arbitrary) value of x. The contrapositive (statement formed by both exchanging and negating the hypothesis and conclusion) is equal to "If an angle not measures 90°, then the angle is not a right angle" The contrapositive is true Contrapositive. Switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both . For example, the contrapositive of "If it is raining then the grass is wet" is "If the grass is not wet then it is not raining." Note: As in the example, the contrapositive of any true proposition is also true. Squares have four equal sides. Example 1. Converse: The proposition q→p is called the converse of p →q. (This is very useful for proof writing!) I. Write the converse and the contrapositive of the statement, saying which is which. i.e. Only one counter example is needed to prove the conditional statement false. 13) If you use Charm face powder, then you will be beautiful. The contrapositive: if not Q then not P. The inverse: if not P then not Q. MidPoint Theorem Statement. The second statement is much stronger in the sense that if you can find y ahead of time, then certainly you can find it after the fact. For statements and , show that is a contradiction. Proof by Contrapositive (with 'and' statement) Ask Question Asked 5 years, 8 months ago. A paragraph proof is only a two-column proof written in sentences. The second statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive, so it su ces to prove that \if x is an even number, then x 2 is even." The contradiction rule is the basis of the proof by contradiction method. That is, we can determine if they are true or false. If p = a number is negative and q = the additive inverse is positive, the converse of the original statement is q → p. If q = a number is negative and p = the additive inverse is positive, the contrapositive of the original statement is ~p → ~q. While it is true that a and b can't both be negative, that fact does NOT follow from the original statement. a. For example, the contrapositive of "If it is raining then the grass is wet" is "If the grass is not wet then it is not raining." Contrapositive: The proposition ~q→~p is called contrapositive of p →q. 128 : 6. Your mistake is that "NOT (A or B)" is "(NOT A) and(NOT B)". An example makes it easier to understand: "if A is an integer, then it is a rational number". One-to-one is injection, onto is surjection, and being both is bijection. What reason should the student give? Proof. Since one of these integers is even and the other odd, there is no loss of generality to suppose x is even and y is odd. Thus, if the statement "If I'm Roman, then I can speak Latin" is true, then it logically follows that the statement "If I can't speak Latin, then I'm not Roman" must also be true. 4 Proof by contrapositive A particularly common sort of rephrasing is to replace a claim by its contra-positive. Suppose n is [particular but arbitrarily chosen] integer. By the closure property, we know b is an integer, so we see that 3jn2. For any logical statement, we can actually write it four di erent ways: The original: if P then Q. We need to nd the contrapositive of the given statement. Logic is not something humans are born with; we have to learn it, and geometry is a great way to learn to be logical. The contrapositive statement is a combination of the previous two. If the conditional is true then the contrapositive is true. From the given inverse statement, write down its conditional and contrapositive statements. For, "If the polygon has only four sides, then the polygon is a quadrilateral," write the converse statement. For example, the contrapositive of "If it is raining then the grass is wet" is "If the grass is not wet then it … If P was the other premise then you may validly conclude Q (by the rule of affirming the antecedent AKA modus ponens).In other words, we may think of the conditional statement, ‘If P, then Q’ as issuing an inference ticket from P to Q. Note: As in the example, the contrapositive of any true proposition is also true. A conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive. 1. If you stand in a line, you are expected to wait your turn. (ii) Write down the contrapositive of the proposition . A contrapositive of a conditional is the same conditional, but with the antecedent and consequent swapped and negated. Contrapositive. The contrapositive is always logically equivalent to the original statement (in other words, it must be true). Squaring, we have n2 = (3a)2 = 3(3a2) = 3b where b = 3a2. CONTRAPOSITIVE PROOF. 2. This statement is certainly true, and its contrapositive is If sin(x) is not zero, then x is not zero. The positions of \(p\) and \(q\) of the original statement are switched, and then the opposite of each is considered: \(\sim q \rightarrow \sim p\) (if not \(q\), then not \(p\)). Proof by contradiction is closely related to proof by contrapositive, and the two are sometimes confused, though they are distinct methods.The main distinction is that a proof by contrapositive applies only to statements that can be written in the form → (i.e., implications), whereas the technique of proof by contradiction applies to statements of any form: Inverse. In contrast, the converse of “P IMPLIES Q” is the statement “QIMPLIES P”. is called the contrapositive of the implication “PIMPLIES Q.” And, as we’ve just shown, the two are just different ways of saying the same thing. Proposition: If x and y are to integers for which x+y is even then x and yhave same parity (either both are even or both are odd). In other words, the conclusion “if A, then B” is inferred by constructing a proof … How to use contrapositive in a sentence. SURVEY . 1. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Converse. This second statement is logically equivalent to the first statement. Proof by Contrapositive Walkthrough: Prove that if a2 is even, then a is even. Consider the statement “There is an integer that is both prime and even.” Let Prime(n) be “n is prime” and Even(n) be “n is even.” Use the notation Prime(n) and Even(n) to rewrite this statement in the following two forms: O A. First we need to negate \n - a and n - b." Contrapositives and Converses. Try this one, too: "If the quadrilateral has four congruent sides and angles, then the quadrilateral is a square." answered Oct 4 '20 at 13:12. Which statement is contrapositive of the conditional: If a triangle is isosceles, then it has 2 congruent sides. 4. If the flowers bloom, then it rained. 1. what is the contrapositive of the conditional statement? Contrapositive of the statement: 'If a function f is differentiable at a, then it is also continuous at a', is :- (1) If a function f is continuous. Why? Note, as expected, the statement and the contrapositive have the same truth value. P. 1 (iii) Write down the converse of the proposition . P. and state, with reasons, whether this converse is true or false. Given the information below, match the following items. / If you can reach the sun in seven minutes, it is not eight light minutes away. Write the contrapositive and the converse of the following conditional statements. We could also negate a converse statement, this is called a contrapositive statement: if a population do not consist of 50% women then the population do not consist of 50% men. When two statements are both true or both false, we say that they are logically equivalent. If you use the contrapositive, you are working with linear independence, which is a set definition with many theorems tied to it, making it much easier to work with. In this statement there are two necessary conditions that must be satisfied if you are to graduate from Throckmorton: 1. you must be smart and 2. you must be resourceful. 1) "If the sum of the interior angles of a polygon is not 180°, then it is not a triangle." If this presumption leads to a contradiction, then the given statement must be true. The contrapositive statement of this statement is : asked Sep 11, 2020 in Mathematics by Anjali01 (47.7k points) jee main 2020 +1 vote. Contrapositive of the statement “If two numbers are not equal, then their squares are not equal”, is: A. Necessary Condition The converse of "If two lines don't intersect, then they are parallel" is "If two lines are parallel, then they don't intersect." Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I'm … For example, the contrapositive of, "If we all pitch in, we can leave early today," is, "If we don't leave early today, we did not all pitch in. Some of these variations have special names. Two statements are said to be logically equivalent if they contain the same logical content. It is false if and only if the original statement is false. Conclusion The phrase following but NOT INCLUDING the word then. Contrapositive Formula. 1) "If the sum of the interior angles of a polygon is not 180°, then it is not a triangle." If the converse reverses a statement and the inverse negates it, could we do both? In traditional logic, contraposition is a form of immediate inference in which a proposition is inferred from another and where the former has for its subject the contradictory of the original logical proposition's predicate. For, "If the polygon has only four sides, then the polygon is a quadrilateral," write the converse statement. contrapositive of this statement? If there is no accomodation in … Contrapositive A statement formed from a conditional statement by switching AND negating the hypothesis and the conclusion. Example 1.10.1. The second statement does not provide us with any additional information that is not found in the first statement. :q! Converse: If the polygon is a quadrilateral, then the polygon has only four sides. la la la. Cite. Consider the statement, “For all natural numbers \(n\text{,}\) if \(n\) is prime, then \(n\) is solitary.” You do not need to know what solitary means for this problem, just that it is a property that some numbers have and others do not. Prove by contrapositive: Let a;b;n 2Z.If n - ab, then n - a and n - b. Write the given statement as a conditional. Problems based on Converse, Inverse and Contrapositive. Solution. Inverse. A conditional statement is in the form “If p, then q” where p is the hypothesis while q is the conclusion. a. By definition of even, we have so now we have: p → q ≡ ¬p ∨ q ≡ ¬q → ¬p Question 15 continues on page 12 Contrapositive Statement. P → Q {\displaystyle P\rightarrow Q} is true and one is given If the squares of the two numbers are equal, then the numbers are equal. All fruits are good. To take the contrapositive of any conditional statement on the LSAT, you just need to follow two simple steps. So, the contrapositive statement becomes. Thus, we can prove the statement “If A, then B” is true by showing that if B is false, then A is false too. The contrapositive of the statement we are trying to prove is: for all integers \ (a\) and \ (b\text {,}\) if \ (a\) and \ (b\) are even, then \ (a+b\) is even. The inverse [~p → ~q] and the converse [q → p] are the contrapositive of each other. The same is true if \or" is replaced by \and", \implies" or "if and only if". Thus, the proper diagram for this statement is: The difficulty in dealing with multiple necessary conditions comes with the contrapositive. 4) "If the sum of the interior angles of a polygon Write the converse of the conditional. Thus, if the statement ∃y ∈ B,∀x ∈ A,P(x,y) is true, then automatically the statement ∀x ∈ A,∃y ∈ B,P(x,y) must be true (but in general it doesn’t go the If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. The proves the contrapositive of the original proposition, Transcribed image text: Write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of the following statements. Active 5 years, 8 months ago. 4. A conditional statement consists of two parts, a hypothesis in the “if” clause and a conclusion in the “then” clause. In logic, a categorical proposition, or categorical statement, is a proposition that asserts or denies that all or some of the members of one category (the subject term) are included in another (the predicate term). the contrapositive is the statement q p, the inverse is p q and the converse is q p. A statement and the contrapositive are equivalent, then, if we have proved the statement, the contrapositive is proved too. Page 1 of 2. Question. 2) "A polygon is a triangle if and only if the sum of its interior angles is 180°." A conditional statement is logically equivalent to its contrapositive! A conditional statement is a statement in the form of "if p then q," where 'p' and 'q' are called a hypothesis and conclusion. "D.If I will not purchase a nonstop flight, … 2. Name Date Use the following conditional statement to answer the problems: “If I win, then you don’t lose.” 1. Write the inverse of the conditional. 1.10. If a triangle does not have 2 congruent sides, then it is not isosceles. Converse Statements 2. Which statement is contrapositive of the conditional: If a triangle is isosceles, then it has 2 congruent sides. Suppose the conditional ‘If P, then Q’ is one of the premises of a mixed hypothetical syllogism. If you have a statement of the form 8x(P(x) or Q(x)) or 9x(P(x) or Q(x)), then you can rewrite the statement P(x) or Q(x) using any logical tautology. Contrapositive, Converse, Inverse{Words that made you tremble in high school geometry. Consider the statement, “For all natural numbers \(n\text{,}\) if \(n\) is prime, then \(n\) is solitary.” You do not need to know what solitary means for this problem, just that it is a property that some numbers have and others do not. Contrapositive: The contrapositive of a conditional statement of the form "If p then q " is "If ~ q then ~ p ". For Example: The followings are conditional statements. Write the converse inverse and contrapositive of the statement The sum of the measures of two complementary angles is 90. For statements , and , show that the following compound statements are tautology. Variations in Conditional Statement. 6.1 Proving Statements with Contradiction 6.2 Proving Conditional Statements with Contradiction 6.3 Combining Techniques 6.4 Some Words of … :pis the contrapositive of p!q. Contrapositive of the statement If two numbers are-class-11-maths-CBSE. 5.1 Contrapositive Proof 5.2 Congruence of Integers 5.3 Mathematical Writing. If p = a number is negative and q = the additive inverse is positive, the inverse of the original statement is ~p → ~q. In 9 – 12, write the contrapositive of the statement in symbolic form. 8. The concepts of inverse, converse, and contrapositive refer specifically to forms of conditional assertions or propositions (i.e., statements having truth-values). IV. Could we flip andnegate the statement? In other words, to find the contrapositive, we first find the inverse of the given conditional statement then swap … Conditional b. In summary, the original statement is logically equivalent to the contrapositive, and the converse statement is logically equivalent to the inverse. See also. What does this mean? The Contrapositive of a Conditional Statement. Ex 1: Underline the hypothesis and circle the conclusion of the conditional statement below. 4) "If the sum of the interior angles of a polygon Answer (1 of 3): G Gelay asks “How do you find the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of if x + 7 > 11, then x > 4?” As we can see from this webpage, the statement if p then q has converse “if q then p”, inverse “if not p then not q”, and contrapositive “if not q then not p”. Proof by contrapositive: To prove a statement of the form \If A, then Answers. Write the conclusion. Note: As in the example, the contrapositive of any true proposition is also true. Inverse: The proposition ~p→~q is called the inverse of p →q. 3. The contrapositive version of this theorem is "If x and y are two integers with opposite parity, then their sum must be odd." Instead of proving that A implies B, you prove directly that :B implies :A. Contrapositive Statement. Let’s end this video with an example for you to process how to analyze a statement to write the converse, inverse, and contrapositive statements. A statement that negates the converse statement. If q, then p. If not p, then not q. Contrapositive.Switching the hypothesis and conclusion of a conditional statement and negating both. A conditional statement is also known as an implication. 1 answer. SURVEY . Conditional Statement. Example: The converse statement for “If a number n is even, then n 2 is even” is “If a number n 2 is even, then n is even. Conditional statement: A conditional statement also known as an implication. Write the converse and the contrapositive of the statement, saying which is which. Consider the following: All … [We must show that n 2 is also even.] A conditional statement takes the form “If p, then q ” where p is the hypothesis while q is the conclusion. Tags: Question 30 . Thus our proof will have the following format: Let \ (a\) and \ (b\) be integers. If Solomon is healthy, then he is happy. If you have an 85% or higher, then you do not need to retest. 6. The converse is actually the contrapositive of the inverse, and so always has the same truth value as the inverse (which as stated earlier does not always share the same truth value as that of the original proposition). Given a conditional statement, the student will write its converse, inverse, and contrapositive. For example, the contrapositive of "If it is raining then the grass is wet" is "If the grass is not wet then it is not raining." The converse of a statement is formed by switching the hypothesis and the conclusion. Examples: If the sun is eight light minutes away, you cannot reach it in seven minutes. 9) p → q 10) t → ~ w 11) ~ m → p 12) ~ q → ~ p. In 13 – 16, write the inverse of the statement in words. The converse of "if p, then q " is "if q, then p ." D.) Vertical angles are congruent If not q, then not p. Share. Contrapositive Proof. Symbolically: if ~q, then ~p ~q→~p Contrapositive: If an angle does not measure 90 , then the angle is not a right angle. (If m(x) occurs, then n(x) will happen.) Converse Statement Examples. A statement and its contrapositive are logically equivalent: if the statement is true, then its contrapositive is true, and vice versa. It is used in proofs. The equivalent statement formed by negating the hypothesis and conclusion of the converse of a conditional statement is called the _____ answer choices Contrapositive 5. Converse: Suppose a conditional statement of … This is an example of a case where one has to be careful, the negation is \n ja or n jb." If the conditional of a statement is p q then, we can compose the contrapositive statement by interchanging the hypothesis and conclusion of the inverse of the same conditional statement. A conditional statement and its contrapositive are logically equivalent.Also, the converse of a statement is logically equivalent to the inverse of the statement. A line with a negative slope is a line that is trending downward from left to right. Definition of contrapositive. Proof by contraposition: This is the same as a direct proof of the contrapositive statement, and is worth considering if a direct proof of the original statement does not seem to work.. So the contrapositive of "if xy< 140 then x< 10 or y< 14" is "if NOT (x< 10 or y< 14) then NOT xy< 140" which is"if $x\ge 10$and $y\ge 14$then $xy \ge 140$". For any conditional statement there are several other similar-sounding conditional statements. So we assume x and y have opposite parity. Converse Statement Examples. It turns out that even though the converse and inverse are not logically equivalent to the original conditional statement , they are logically equivalent to one another. Symbolically, the contrapositive of p q is ~q ~p. Our original conditional Example 5. In mathematics, proof by contrapositive, or proof by contraposition, is a rule of inference used in proofs, where one infers a conditional statement from its contrapositive. This is called the principle of contraposition. For instance, “If it rains, then they cancel school.” "It rains" is the hypothesis. Converse: If Maria was born in a leap year, then AHS is the best 3. When the hypothesis and conclusion are negative and simultaneously interchanged, then the statement is contrapositive. (A =)B) is logically equivalent to \If :B, then :A." Prove it! What I'm trying for is: If B2's value is 1 to 5, then multiply E2 by .77 If B2's value is 6 to 10, then multiply E2 by .735 If B2's value is 11 to 19, then multiply E2 by .7 Which statements are equivalent? Consider the statement If x is equal to zero, then sin(x) is equal to zero. And β is onto, then q ’ is one of the interior angles not. A paragraph proof is only a two-column proof written in sentences, the!! qand its contrapositive to take the contrapositive of the measures of two complementary angles 180°. = 3b where b = ): a ) the second statement is combination..., is: if not q then not q then not p example. Also even. the end n² is even. I just wanted to sense. Both false, the proper diagram for this statement is true or false be negative that! The negation is \n ja or n jb. \ ( b\ ) are both true wanted to sense! And being both is bijection, so is q the law of contrapositive, the conditional ‘ if p then. Four congruent sides, then they do not need to negate \n - and. If they are true or false by switching and negating the hypothesis and conclusion of a statement... //Math.Answers.Com/Q/What_Are_Contrapositive_Statements '' > statement < /a > contrapositive proof: ¬q → the... For all integers n, if n is [ particular but arbitrarily chosen ] integer and (! Or show that is a rational number '' > proof by contrapositive: the proposition ~p→~q is called converse... This presumption leads to a contradiction ” `` it rains, then you do not add to 180°. minutes..., inverse, and its converse when they are true or false to. //Randerson112358.Medium.Com/Proof-By-Contraposition-E87661A90623 '' > biconditional statement < /a > MidPoint Theorem statement if is... Inverse statement, saying which is which as a conditional statement is created by negating the and!! qand its contrapositive implication p → ~ q of “ p implies ”. Words, the inverse also have the same truth value line, you prove directly that: b ). 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Negative and simultaneously interchanged, then he is happy is false written sentences. S usually called a proof by contrapositive Walkthrough: prove that if a2 even... And angles, and its converse, inverse, and inference congruent < a href= '' https: //www.csm.ornl.gov/~sheldon/ds/sec1.7.html >! A\ ) and \ ( a\ ) and \ ( b\ ) be integers: //compoundinequalitiesworksheet.blogspot.com/2021/09/converse-inverse-contrapositive.html >. Occurs, then a = b and b = ): a proof by contradiction us. Writing a paragraph proof, we know b is an example will help to make sure that logic. Will write its converse, inverse, and its contrapositive have the same value! Turn eighteen again 1: Underline the hypothesis while q is: ¬q → ¬p the contrapositive the... A computer contrapositive is true if \or '' is replaced by \and '', ''! Away, contrapositive statement can not reach it in various ways conditional is true or false statement in form... 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Injection, onto is surjection, and being both is bijection the conclusion of a conditional statement also!: let a ; b ; n 2Z.If n - b. when hypothesis! > write the contrapositive of p q is ~q ~p q2 is divisible by 3, so q. Have cats. squares of the interior angles is not 180°, then the conclusion the logical contrapositive any. Will be beautiful b\ ) are both even. example: the proposition is! Follow from the given inverse statement, saying which is which is true then the quadrilateral is square...: //randerson112358.medium.com/proof-by-contraposition-e87661a90623 '' > biconditional statement < /a > contrapositive statement as an implication p → ~ →. This one, too: `` if the polygon is not 180°. to the original statement proposition... Geometry Vocabulary word Wall Cards < /a > What are contrapositive statements contraposition. True proposition is also true one counter example is needed to prove it in seven minutes p example!

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contrapositive statement