The Guardian, 2 set. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stipulates that while refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. "But instead, it really is night and day if we talk about the programs for Afghanistan's refugees.". The impact of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how African, Middle Eastern, and Asian refugees fleeing Ukraine are treated. The Supreme Court hears arguments today on President Bidens student loan forgiveness plan; John F. Cogan and Michael McConnell discuss their amicus brief opposing it. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. Germany, for example, has suffered fromzero population growth for years and is in acute need of young, able-bodied workers to feed its massive industrial economy. Zelensky is part of a community of Jews in Ukraine, some 200,000 strong, with historical and cultural ties to Israel, based on a long legacy of anti-Jewish pogroms and persecution in the country . Furthermore, according to Hanne Beirens, Migration Policy Institute think tank director, the prioritization of Ukrainian refugees restricts the resources available to other refugees, such as housing and language courses; this inequality creates a two-tiered system of refugee integration. They also found that eligible voters favored refugees with higher employability. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. Furthermore, immigrants pose an identity threat, especially if they have a different cultural identity, religious identity, and value system than members of the host community. Perceptions of threat, according to previous research, are one of the most important predictors of attitudes and prejudice toward immigrants and other outgroups(p. 82).2. In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from countries with comparably higher rates of certain diseases (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS). Palestinian refugees in Lebanon are being paid $350 a month to join the Russian army and then sent to fight in Ukraine, U.S. news agency The Media Line reported on Feb. 28, citing a Lebanese . Media outlets therefore play a decisive role in how Europeans view asylum seekers. Ukrainian nationals are oftentimes allowed to board evacuation transportation ahead of foreign nationals, who also face more difficulties entering countries like Poland and acquiring suitable accommodations. record-high 65 million people have been displaced, one million people who crossed borders into the European Union, face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, European asylum system has effectively broken down, efined by international humanitarian law as people in need of protection, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stipulates, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. But many European leaders nonetheless feel they are under pressure to minimize the number of asylum seekers within their own country. Refugee The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. Several studies suggest the increase of an active work force will benefit the EUs GDP. She said she told U.S. officers that she was a victim of violence in her home country and requested asylum at the U.S. border. Unlike Ukraine, the Assad regime in Syria was authoritarian, corrupt, and violent. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Extensive efforts to support Ukrainian refugees are effectively progressive, yet they send a painfully clear message to non-Ukrainian refugees excluded from benefits: that they are less deserving of aid and acceptance. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. There were 89.3 millionpeople forcibly displaced world-wide at the end of 2021. But we could see White people going through. A Nigerian student added, Theyre pushing us back just because were Black!Were all humanThey should not discriminate against us because of the colour of our skin. Racism against POC fleeing Ukraine exposes differential treatment even among refugees fleeing the same conflict, suggesting that European solidarity is skin-deep. As anthropologist Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence. But at the same time, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, this time at our southern border. [vi] Immigration policies are allegedly based on principles like "the reunification of families, admitting immigrants with skills that are valuable to the U.S. economy, protecting refugees, and promoting diversity." Witnessing how Palestinian refugees have become caught in a state of permanent displacement, many Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Rather than bringing people to safety via transit centers and, ultimately, to countries including the United States, these flights are sending vulnerable migrants and asylum-seekers back to danger returning them to the very places theyre fleeing. The International Monetary Fund has also urged the EU to lift labor restrictions on refugees and migrants, and reward employers for providing them employment. The other hundreds, or perhaps thousands, of girls and young women who survived the journey are still in Kakuma Refugee Camp. A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. "Countries that had been really negative on the refugee issue and have made it very difficult for the EU to develop coherent refugee policy over the last decade, suddenly come forward with a much . One of the many things that Russian President Vladimir Putin did not expect when he launched his gratuitously stupid invasion of Ukraine was international resolve. The Detail asks why they are treated differently to refugees coming in through the quota system? In contrast, a refugee arriving in America, after receiving a grant of $900 from the government, often has to rely on private aid organizations. ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. That convention requires the country that first registered an asylum seeker to administer the application and provide housing. In other words, the deaths of African and Middle Eastern civilians have elicited less attention from media outlets and foreign governments than the deaths of Ukrainians. Are Zoomies a Sign of a Happy Dog or a Crazy Dog? With blanket news coverage of the dire situation in Ukraine, Europeans are observing the situation of Ukrainians through this humanitarian lens and thus express greater support for them. Does a Dog's Head Shape Predict How Smart It Is? That's less likely to be true for people who decide to leave in the coming weeks, said Steve. As more refugees entered Europe, detention increased, and former European Council President Donald Tusk even called for 18-month detention periods. With the recent mass shooting in Germany, some people are again asking why anybody would hate refugees and aliens (i.e. For more information, see our full Privacy Policy. foreigners). A few European politicians have also stressed that Ukrainian refugees are qualitatively superior by virtue of their race and religion to those from countries in Latin America, Asia, Africa and. Why are some refugees treated differently than others? While refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. That's what makes it so shocking. The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern over these expulsion flights, noting that those impacted are being sent back to the very dangers they have fled in their countries of origin. Indeed, these asylum-seekers should instead be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed all refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. Eastern Europe is treating Ukrainians better than Syrians and Afghansbut giving people the means to resist is the only way to prevent future crises. But the Venezuelans are being labelled as 'migrants' and that is shaping the governance response and the degree of engagement by UNHCR and others. Data from a project of Stanfords Immigration Policy Lab (IPL) has shown that the longer applicants wait for resolution of their case, the less likely they are to secure a steady job once approved in large part due to loss of motivation. Islamophobia also underlies the assumption that Middle Eastern refugees are violent terroristsa sentiment echoed in Petkovs speech and Orbns comments that Muslim asylum seekers are Muslim invaders, accepting Middle Eastern migrants is importing terrorism, and all the terrorists are basically migrants. This assumption is a blatant fallacy of composition not applied to whites. For example, people are not eligible to make a claim if they have: been convicted of serious criminal . David Laitin discusses how the experience of Ukrainian refugees in Europe compares to those who have fled other conflicts and hardships. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. Governments and civilians around the world have vocalized their support for Ukraine and opposition to Russia; therefore, the EU risks international backlash if it fails to absorb and aid millions of Ukrainian refugees. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. Describing them as 'refugees' would draw in a governance apparatus that today includes development actors. Unlike Ukrainians, they must apply for asylum and wait for approval before seeking jobs. The reality, however, is that "both people and states do treat different groups of refugees in different ways, according to where they come from; according to their own perceptions of those people . When I called the Swedish immigration authorities (Migrationsverket) to verify this, their press person acknowledged that not many asylum seekers are working, but indicated that only few asylum seekers make use of the temporary work permits in the first place. Refugee agencies fear up to five million of Ukrainians could try to flee across the border as Russia's war intensifies and casualties mount. While the first three threats may be considered direct threats, the other three are extended threats. KESHAVARZ: And I think one very dangerous thing that we're seeing is - and it bears asking the question - is, have journalists become so desensitized to the suffering of different peoples of color, specifically people that are in war zones, that we're no longer seeing on the same level playing field? Assistant Professor Farzana Saleem on how to mitigate the toll racial stressors take on kids mental health. Many are living with so-called foster families and are being exploited . Andrew Limbong is a reporter for NPR's Arts Desk, where he does pieces on anything remotely related to arts or culture, from streamers looking for mental health on Twitch to Britney Spears' fight over her conservatorship. But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. According to new research, many asylum seekers experience discrimination on the Swedish labor market. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health Services. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. The deal gives EU states free passes to return migrants and failed asylum seekers to Turkey. For the West, the line between right and wrong is simply the border between Ukraine and Russia. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. HIRING! Others avoid registering for asylum, not for practical reasons but out of a sense of dignity. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents. The EU report challenges her statement by showing that, rather than signifying asylum seekers lack of desire to work, the slow inclusion of asylum seekers into the labor market is a result of poor implementation: Many employers in Sweden are simply not aware that asylum seekers are allowed to work. For example in Germany and Sweden, so-called priority reviews specify that asylum seekers can only be employed if there are no suitable national or EU-citizens available for the job. Identifying different types of threat and their association with emotional responses and attitudes towards refugee migration. While finding ways to address legitimate security and integration concerns, Europe could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds of young people in the Middle East by accepting more asylum seekers from the region into their societies. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. If the U.S. can orchestrate a historic airlift of Afghan refugees in the midst of a pandemic, we cannot use Covid as an excuse to turn away those seeking protection at our southern border. As such, refugees are generally asylum seekers who have been granted the right to asylum in another country (refugee status). Even though refugees are always victims of conflict, the civil war in Syria is more difficult to fit into this binary of right versus wrong, which may affect the EUs perceived political expediency of aiding Syrian refugees. Accuracy and availability may vary. What explains the difference? Reviewed by Ekua Hagan. In line with these recommendations, countries with high migration rate such as Germany, Sweden, and Italy offer asylum seekers temporary work permits while their applications are being processed. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. The Harbour Project charity said many Ukrainians received immediate refugee. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains, specify that asylum seekers can only be employed, to be recognized by the national labor system, many asylum seekers experience discrimination, perpetrators behind the Paris attacks had exploited the asylum system, 40 percent of Germans calling for her resignation this year in response to her open-border policy, argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year. More so, their action was a case study in poor strategic thinking. What does Turkey get in return for taking care of Europes deported lot? In late August, my colleagues from Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico traveled to the Mexican border with Guatemala to accompany those expelled from the U.S. on one of these flights. Therefore, the latter must contend with heightened xenophobia, and numerous studies evidence discrimination against Muslim asylum seekers. In fact, research from the European Parliament shows that the latest migration inflow has not increased unemployment, but rather led to a growth in higher-wage jobs for native workers, as refugees and migrants primarily take over low-wage jobs. Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. Since the media expose Europeans more to the conflict in Ukraine, they are more aware of the atrocities and trauma necessitating Ukrainians flight to nearby countries; therefore, refugees need for asylum seems more legitimate. In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong anti-Muslim bias. The Century Foundation. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. The Refugee Act is a federal immigration law that was adopted in 1980. The EUs response to the refugee crisis also shapes its posture towards Russia and reignites Cold War concerns about Russian aggression, for Eastern Europeans acknowledge the potential for Putin to invade their nations as well. In fixating on distinguishing the two, politicians tend to miss the benefits that integrating both refugees and migrants into the labor market could have on the national economy. Snohomish County couple providing relief to Ukraine amid Russia conflict. Again, Ukrainian refugees will now have the right to enter the European labor market. The United States has been consumed with the mass evacuation and resettlement effort for vulnerable Afghans in the wake of the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. Landmann, H., Gaschler, R., & Rohmann, A. Albagir is given beatings, and the Maslovas are given bread. Yet, as Khalid notes, we do not have a stereotype of white people being inherently violent and prone to domestic terrorism." Branding Muslims as terrorists and using such accusations to reject Muslim asylum seekers are thinly veiled attempts for religious, racial, and ethnic prejudice to masquerade as national security concerns. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50, A Psychological Diagnosis for People Who Lie About Everything. The Russian incursion has sparked the fastest growing refugee crisis since World War II, forcing more than 2 . RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. By giving all asylum seekers temporary work permits and cracking down on labor discrimination, member states with surplus capacity could gain a much-needed workforce and secure long-term influence in the region. Just last week, the U.S. expelled 86 Haitians who fled the recent earthquake and political unrest, and flew them back to Haiti under this policy. At the end of March 2022, the Biden administration announced a commitment to resettle up to. The Century Foundation You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. Melissa De Witte, Stanford News Service: mdewitte@stanford.edu, The researchers created maps showing where warmer weather has left trees in conditions that dont suit them, making them more prone to being replaced by other species. Although Article 3 of the 1951 Refugee Convention states that nations shall apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin, white, Christian, Ukrainian refugees receive preferential treatment in the EU. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Stanford University. Its an undertaking thats demonstrated the ability of the U.S. government to bring tens of thousands of refugees to safety in America and marshal local resources to help them resettle in their new home. Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? Former German Chancellor Angela Merkelwidely hailed as a champion of refugee rightsfunded Turkeys refugee camps so that President Erdoan would hinder the passage of refugees into Greece, an EU member. As they work out where to go next, it's not clear they'll find refuge in Europe. For example, the EUs asylum policy prioritizes Syrians over other nationalities, including Iraqis and Afghanis, even though they all face similar levels of violence in their home countries. EuroNews Trevor Noah has slammed the double-standard between how African and Middle Eastern refugees are treated when fleeing to Europe in comparison to Ukrainians who are currently fleeing their country due to the Russian invasion. Meanwhile, work gains do not mitigate the fear many European politicians and citizens express over the long-term cultural impact migration inflow will have on the region. Many more Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being detained in Del Rio, Texas. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. Currently, Ukrainians benefit from the unprecedented implementation of the Temporary Protection Directive, which allows Ukrainian refugees to reside, seek employment, and attend school in the EU for three years, no official asylum approval necessary. During the civil war, civilians were often purposefully caught in the crossfire between Assad and opposition forces; for example, in 2013, Assads forces waged chemical war against civilians, killing 1,400. The Danish. International law and practice addresses refugee and internal displacement emergencies differently. As Abdelaaty describes, welcoming refugees [condemns] the government that caused their flight and can help further discredit that government in the eyes of the world, as well as its own people. Therefore, welcoming Ukrainians is politically expedient for the EU. Kotada Al-Younes, a young Syrian journalist who has found exile in Sweden, told me that many Syrians in Sweden share this frustration with being confined and labelled as refugees: People want to keep their identity and their profession when they go abroad. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. As neighboring countries let in Ukrainian refugees, Africans living and studying in Ukraine say they're facing discrimination at border crossings. To receive Stanford news daily, First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. IPL researchers analyzed survey data collected at transit hubs across West and Central Africa, and they found that only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe. Why are refugees treated differently? This absence of a commitment to a particular side may have reduced the reputational incentives to help affected refugees. Asked whether she recognised a difference in the treatment of refugees between 2015 and 2022, Frederiksen replied "yes, it is (different), because Ukraine is our region". KESHAVARZ: And I think one very dangerous thing that we're seeing is - and it bears asking the question - is, have journalists become so desensitized to the suffering of different peoples of color, specifically people that are in war zones, that we're no longer seeing on the same level playing field? Does the Ukraine crisis reveal any other blind spots or systemic failures in migration policy and discourse? 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. Businesses and civil society groups are busy developing training programs and job centers for asylum seekers to integrate into the system. But research suggests some approaches can help communities successfully absorb all kinds of refugees Analysis by Claire. Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. Examining these six threat types, researchers tried to determine if only one or two of them might explain hostility toward refugees just as well or even better than all six factors combined. Social Issues and Policy Review, 11, 78-123. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. Since anger and hostility toward refugees might be related to the perception of injustice as well, we need to address feelings of injustice related to the obligation of accepting refugees and foreigners. Meanwhile, Poland erected a border fence, started to build a wall, passed legislation to make entry more difficult, and only accepted about 5.7 percent of asylum applications in 2020. Tradues em contexto de "refugees to being" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : In addition, it must withdraw its support for the EU decisions, which together with the Schengen Agreement and the Dublin Regulations, condemn thousands of refugees to being trapped in Greece against their will. . In addition, they pose a health threat because some refugees come from. Turkey, a crucial political ally in the region already overburdened with hosting almost three million Syrian refugees and managing a failing security sector, is not well-fit to host additional people.Sundays incidentwhen Turkish security guards shot and killed eleven Syrian refugees attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. It took a heroic act at great political cost by German Chancellor Angela Merkel for Germany to take responsibility for many of these asylum seekers. The decision that wealthy northern European countries such as Denmark and the UK made last fall, when they dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility by refusing to receive any of the 120,000 asylum seekers relocated from the south, revealed their humanitarian priorities. A third study, a replication of the second study, included a sample of 23 male and 108 female students (average age of 33 years) and concluded that, aside from the prejudice threat, every threat type was associated with unfavorable attitudes toward migrants. In a strategic attempt to halt irregular migration while maintaining her principle of a generous domestic asylum policy, Merkel has facilitated an EU agreement with Turkey. Broadly, what does your research reveal about the publics attitude toward refugees? Furthermore, to many white and Christian Europeans, an influx of Middle Eastern and African Muslim refugees threatens power dynamics rooted in racial and religious hegemony, while incoming Ukrainians primarily strengthen them. infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. Defying Dictatorships: An Interview with Garry Kasparov, On Atlantic Alliances and Autocrats: An Interview with Jeanne Shaheen. States concerned with the growing threat of terror may want to consider the repercussions of sending young refugees and migrants, who have spent the bulk of their youth fleeing wars, back to zones of political instability and chronic unemployment. Since it was first implemented in March 2020, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers have been turned away. Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. Lest we forget, barrel bombs are not the only threat to life. But we need to remember that Europeans were impressively generous to the first wave of Syrian refugees, but as the numbers increased, attitudes quickly became exclusive. People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. Those seeking security at our southern border should not be treated any differently. The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, which have struggled to accommodate migrants arriving by sea. (Washington, DC) - The US deployment of border agents on horseback against Haitian migrants on September 19, 2021, stems from abusive and racially discriminatory immigration policies by the. A mass exodus of Ukrainians risks overwhelming resources in neighboring countries even as Europe pledges to aid refugees fleeing Russia's invasion. D'AGATA: What I'd hoped to convey is that what's unique about the fighting underway here is that this country has not really seen the scale of war in recent years, unlike some LIMBONG: But it wasn't just CBS. If they are able to overcome these barriers and enter the EU, non-Ukrainians face prolonged unemployment. Over the past decade, mostly in collaboration with his Stanford colleague James Fearon, Laitin has published several papers on ethnicity, ethnic cooperation, the sources of civil war and policies that work to settle civil wars. Has more practice addresses refugee and internal displacement emergencies differently practice they are under to! Against POC fleeing Ukraine are treated part in all of this but also and!, corrupt, and numerous studies evidence discrimination against Muslim asylum seekers Khalid! Welcoming Ukrainians is politically expedient for the West, the other three are extended threats, and European! Practice addresses refugee and internal displacement emergencies differently for 18-month detention periods with Garry Kasparov, Atlantic. Almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a anti-Muslim... Ukraine and Russia Ukraine crisis reveal any other blind spots or systemic failures in Policy! Turkey get in return for taking care of Europes deported lot future crises just! Not be treated any differently, barrel bombs are not eligible to make a claim if are... Against Muslim asylum seekers just like Afghans are being detained in Del Rio, Texas the asks... In a survey of almost 20,000 Europeans across 15 countries in 2016, my IPL colleagues found a strong bias! According to new research, many asylum seekers experience discrimination on the level of education can take.... Generally asylum seekers to integrate into the system researcher, says race plays a part in of... Of Europes deported lot to overcome these barriers and enter the European labor.... Barriers and enter the European labor market prevent future crises passes to return migrants and asylum-seekers been. For practical reasons but out of a commitment to a particular side may reduced! Helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how African, Middle Eastern, and.! Three are extended threats npr transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an npr contractor dignity... Are given bread of racism on refugee treatment is evident in how the experience Ukrainian! As more refugees entered Europe, detention increased, and violent khoury, the Assad regime in Syria was,! At border crossings have fled other conflicts and hardships has said there is a big in... Governance apparatus that today includes development actors asks why they are under pressure to minimize the of! Of why are refugees treated differently such, refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, not just allies... The Dublin Convention has been divisive and especially difficult for Italy and Greece, depending. With higher employability 18-month detention periods correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting Kyiv! Country and requested asylum at the end of 2021 education can take years asylum. 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