hogon within the dogon culture

Updates? Two of the most specialized craftsleather- and ironworkingare restricted exclusively to members of a craft caste. He is in effect a priest (hogon ), who exercises ceremonial functions on behalf of the lineage, and, in conjunction with a council of elders, judicial functions as well. Another minority practices Christianity. [43] Sirius, in the Dogon system, formed one of the foci for the orbit of a tiny star, the companionate Digitaria star. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority;[1] the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. A secret language known as sigi so is used by members of the men's society (awa ) in connection with religious rites. WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. The principal domestic animals are sheep, goats, donkeys, dogs, chickens, guinea fowls, ducks, some cattle, a few horses, and cats. Kado), a Fulbe word meaning "stranger" or "pagan.". According to this oral tradition, the first Dogon settlement was established in the extreme southwest of the escarpment at Kani-Na. The hogon is always a man. Themes found throughout Dogon sculpture consist of figures with raised arms, superimposed bearded figures, horsemen, stools with caryatids, women with children, figures covering their faces, women grinding pearl millet, women bearing vessels on their heads, donkeys bearing cups, musicians, dogs, quadruped-shaped troughs or benches, figures bending from the waist, mirror-images, aproned figures, and standing figures (Laude, 4652). Its head, called the ginna bana, is the oldest living male member of his generation. Because of his solitary state, the first son of God acted as he did. A younger brother is first in line to inherit all collective property, followed by the eldest son. The human story begins in Africa. [13] As the growth of cities increased, the demand for slaves across the region of West Africa also increased. Every Dogon village or clan has its own totem. About 10 percent of the Dogon are Christians. [citation needed] Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages. WebI have learned that within in the Dogon Culture, Hogon is considered to both a political and spiritual leader to the people of Mali in West Africa. They have been linked to the Mande subfamily but also to Gur. Houses are built extremely close together, many times sharing walls and floors. She returns to her home at night. 16th-20th Century. Palau Marti, Montserrat (1957). WebThey have been identified with the hogon, the chief peacekeeper and supreme religious and political figure in Dogon society. [14], For almost 1000 years,[15] the Dogon people, an ancient ethnic group of Mali[16] had faced religious and ethnic persecutionthrough jihads by dominant Muslim communities. The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a monument in Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan. Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Top image: Cliff of Bandiagara Source: Public Domain, Bolland, R. (1991). This chief head is the oldest living son of the ancestor of the local branch of the family. 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The Dogon are a group of about 250,000 people who live primarily in the districts of Bandiagara and Douentza in the western African nation of Mali. These events are held annually to honor the elders who have died since the last Dama. A virgin who has not yet had her period takes care of him, cleans his house, and prepares his meals. The traditional dama consists of a masquerade intended to lead the souls of the departed to their final resting places, through a series of ritual dances and rites. [20] The religion embraced many aspects of nature which are found in other traditional African religions. Individuals with high status may own a small number of cattle.[30]. In this ceremony, offerings of millet from the hogon's fields, in conjunction with sacrifices by the Binu priest (binukedine ) on the Lebe altar of the ancestors, impart to the seed the spiritual essence or nyama that will contribute toward the community's assurance of an abundant harvest. In Dogon Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. However, the gender is deliberately ambiguous, and it may be intended to represent a nommo a mythological hermaphroditic ancestor. But Islamic law classified the Dogon and many other ethnicities of the region (Mossi, Gurma, Bobo, Busa and the Yoruba) as being within the non-canon dar al-harb and consequently fair game for slave raids organized by merchants. "[24] The removal of the second sex and soul from humans is what the ritual of circumcision represents in the Dogon religion. The spread of Islam throughout Africa has brought about some degree of change in the basic religious orientation of the Dogon. Each large district has a hogon, or spiritual leader, and there is a supreme hogon for the whole country. The Dogon territory extends from approximately 1315 to 1500 N and from 130 to 400 W. The population is concentrated in some 300 villages along a 145-kilometer stretch of escarpment called the Cliffs of Bandiagara. Evidence from substrate vocabulary in Bangime and Dogon, Dogon Languages and Linguistics An (sic) Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali, The Dance of Masks of the Dogon People, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali: the Dogon Fish Festival, African worlds: studies in the cosmological ideas and social values of African peoples, Dogon images from the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogon_people&oldid=1139711208, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bedaux, R. & J.D. van der Waals (eds.) Where diseases are considered to be supernaturally based or the result of sorcery, a healer-diviner is called in who determines the cause of the disease (through divination), then offers sacrifices, magical charms, and incantations to bring about a cure. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. Inheritance. After initiation, the Hogon wears a red fez. Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. ." Encyclopedia.com. The blacksmith, set apart by his caste, has no rights in the village and lives entirely on the proceeds of the sale of his goods to other villagers. The They chose to migrate to the area, refusing to convert to Islam, and they still remain fiercely protective of their culture. Fruit trees are valued possessions, and although they may be sold, the previous owner reserves the ownership of the field in which they are planted for his own use. Circumcision is believed to eliminate the superfluous one. The Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. In addition to the biological mother who cares for the infant during the nursing period, the second wife, the father's mother and other women of the grandmother's generation, sisters of the father, friends of the wife, and older sisters of the child all serve as caretakers. Encyclopedia.com. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. Trade. Sadly, these days the culture of the Dogon is under threat as many have converted to other religions. While the castes are correlated to profession, membership is determined by birth. WebDiscuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Although the Dogon have been more successful in retaining their traditional beliefs and practices than some other African peoples, they have not been immune to change. This practice has been passed down for generations and is always followed, even during winter. Such jihads caused the Dogon to abandon their original villages and moved up to the cliffs of Bandiagara for better defense and to escape persecutionoften building their dwellings in little nooks and crannies.[15][17]. From 1931 to 1956, Griaule studied the Dogon in field missions ranging from several days to two months in 1931, 1935, 1937 and 1938[39] and then annually from 1946 until 1956. WebThe Dogon are ethnic group from the Central plateau region of Mali, located in West Africa. [54] James Oberg, however, citing these suspicions notes their completely speculative nature, writing that, "The obviously advanced astronomical knowledge must have come from somewhere, but is it an ancient bequest or a modern graft? Some of the species represented in the area are the doom palm, the baobab, and various leguminous fruit-bearing plants. The development of tourism in the Dogon Country and the Hombori Mountains (Mali) . Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the & E.I.K. Durieux-Boon (2004). According to Dogon belief, they (hogon) are the "oldest direct descendant of the original ancestor." The historical pattern included the murder of indigenous males by raiders and enslavement of women and children. Formally, wives join their husband's household only after the birth of their first child. Were theonlyPop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. I View the full answer Previous question Next question The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. [15] These jihadic expeditions formed themselves to force the Dogon to abandon their traditional religious beliefs for Islam. Unlike norms for the rest of society, parallel-cousin marriage is allowed within castes. Within Dogon culture, an individuals status is determined by position within a family group according to rules of descent and age. "Mythes et organisation sociale au Soudan franais". As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. The Dogon are strongly oriented toward harmony, which is reflected in many of their rituals. During the 1890s, a French army was sent into the region for the purpose of establishing colonies. All of the men in his age-set live together in a due until they marry and have children. ." They are Nommo, the "son of Amma," generally considered a water spirit; Lebe, the incarnation of the earth and its fertilizing properties; and Yurugu, the mythical representative of fallen man. [Editor's Note: In this article the established spellings of Kota words have been retained, al, ETHNONYMS: none The importance of secrecy is due to the symbolic meaning behind the pieces and the process by which they are made. [45], Griaule and Dieterlen were puzzled by this Sudanese star system, and prefaced their analysis with the disclaimer, "The problem of knowing how, with no instruments at their disposal, men could know the movements and certain characteristics of virtually invisible stars has not been settled, nor even posed. Some of the most beautiful sights to see in China are the classical Suzhou gardens. 150,000-Year-Old Pipes Baffle Scientists in China: Out of Place in Time? The binou, which is usually in animal form serves as a representation of the ancestor. This is manifested through the cult of the masks, the Lebe cult, the Binu cult, and the more general cult of the ancestors associated with the ginna. Animals are kept more as a symbol of wealth and prestige than for economic necessity. Until the masqueraders have completed their dances, and every ritual has been performed, any misfortune can be blamed on the remaining spirits of the dead (Davis, 68). Demography. Large mock battles are performed in order to help chase the spirit, known as the nyama, from the deceased's body and village, and towards the path to the afterlife (Davis, 68). Within the village, individual houses are set around a rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by stone walls. [23] They were symbolized by the colour red, a female symbol. Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. Marriage is proscribed between members of the same clan or with first or second cousins of different clans. In the past the Dogon were considered a warlike people; they often fought with other Dogon districts as well as with their non-Dogon neighbors such as the Fulani. Subsistence and Commercial Activities. The ritual language, "Sigi so" or "language of the Sigui", which was taught to male dignitaries of the Society of the Masks ("awa"), was considered a poor language. WebThe Hogon is the spiritual and political leader of the village. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Aluxes: The Mischievous Little People of Maya Mythology, The Marriage of the Sky and the Sea: Visayan Creation Myths, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Irish Story and Legend of C Chulainn, New Evidence Shows Humans Were Using Bows and Arrows in 52,000 BC, 6 Advanced Ancient Inventions Beyond Modern Understanding. A few villages also keep bees. Dogon CultureProfane and Arcane . Identification. The idea has entered the New Age and ancient astronaut literature as evidence that extraterrestrial aliens visited Mali in the distant past. The leather-workers engage in significant trade with other ethnic groups and accumulate wealth. A good knowledge of French would be helpful when visiting the area, but a multi-lingual guide would be able to translate for anyone unable to speak the language. Dogon door with stylized figures (Wegmann, M/ CC BY 3.0 ). It is truly one of the most impressive regions in Sub-Saharan Africa . In a recent overview of the NigerCongo family, Dogon is treated as an independent branch.[3]. Another indication of this is the subjectobjectverb basic word order, which Dogon shares with such early NigerCongo branches as Ijoid and Mande. The danyim is held a couple of months later. In 1912 a school was established for them in Sanga, followed by a Christian mission in the 1930s, and later a medical dispensary. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Dogon art revolves around religious values, ideals, and freedoms (Laude, 19). The circumcision is celebrated and the initiated boys go around and receive presents. The designation "Naga" is applied to the numerous Indo-Mongoloid tribes living in the hill country at the, Chin Identification. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Despite globalization, there are still a few places in the world which are home to cultures unlike any other. Once there, many trails are open to visitors along the escarpment and while visiting a traditional Dogon village, cultural respect is encouraged. [12], It is often difficult to distinguish between pre-Muslim practices and later practices. Their eyes were red, their tongues forked, and their arms flexible and unjointed.[21]. For instance, in one of their most important rituals, the women praise the men, the men thank the women, the young express appreciation for the old, and the old recognize the contributions of the young. In the early 1960s the Dogon population was 250,000more than a threefold increase over roughly a forty-year period from the census of 1921, which listed a population of 81,862. Of the native fauna in the region, large carnivores and ruminants have become rare, with only a few medium-sized mammals being found in the cliffs. Question: Discuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. Location. Kin Groups and Descent. Webaccording to the Dogon culture, when a hogan is chosen, he must go for months on end without bathing and shaving the hair on their bodies from the head to toes.this means that the hogan will forego any hygiene practice for along duration so as to fulfill the requirements of being a hogan. Orientation 575577, Index of African mythology and creation narratives, List of African deities and mythical figures, Traditional African religion and other religions, "Population dynamics and Paleoclimate over the past 3000 years in the Dogon Country, Mali", "Did the Dogon of Mali know about Sirius B? The mausoleum was built during the reign of Timur, the ruler of the Timurid Empire. Expert Answer Introduction. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Dogon moved into the region of the Bandiagara escarpment in the fifteenth or sixteenth century, probably as a result of the breakup of the Mali Empire at the beginning of the fifteenth century. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. [37] Women have no right to learn Sigui So. The blacksmith performs the circumcision. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. Whether on the high plateau, the cliff-faces, or on the plain, the Dogon have exploited all the elements available to build their villages that reflect their ingenuity and their philosophy of life and death. In certain cultural areas, the Dogon villages comprise numerous granaries, for the most part square with a thatched tapering roof. He gives the name to the lineage, inherits the compound, has control over a certain amount of land, and cares for the lineage altar. . ); Brooklyn Museum (New York City), Female or male figure; probably early 17th century; 40.0 x 7.3 x 7.8cm (1534 x 2 7/8 x 3 in. Influence from Tellem art is evident in Dogon art because of its rectilinear designs (Laude, 24). Women may leave their husbands early in their marriage, before the birth of their first child. In conjunction with the council of elders, he makes decisions concerning public affairs. I am sure you are familiar with his legend which states that he was born in a manger surrounded by shepherds, about Petra Historic World Heritage Site Blasted By Flash Floods, about The Classical Gardens of Suzhou: A Sight to Behold, about Denizens of South Africas Cradle of Humankind: The First Walking Apes, about The Unfinished Timurid Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, about The Magnificent Citadel of Erbil - A True Archaeological Sandwich, about Kunta Kinteh - The African Island at the Heart of the Slave Trade. Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. Not on view. Beierle, John "Dogon The Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, grain, cotton, and tobacco. The problem of "twin births" versus "single births", or androgyny versus single-sexed beings, was said to contribute to a disorder at the beginning of time. These caste groups live apart from the general population. The Cliff of Bandiagara, a beautiful and unique escarpment, is home to the Dogon people and culture, and because of its worldwide importance, was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1989. The Sirige mask is a tall mask used in funerals only for men who were alive during the holding of the Sigui ceremony (see below) (Davis, 68). Dogon funeral rituals come in two parts. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The funerary ceremonies of the Dogon consist of two parts: the initial rites, which take place immediately following death and continue for about a week, and the more elaborate dama rites that terminate the mourning period after an indeterminate period of time. Plains, escarpment, and plateau represent distinctive features in the region. The Dogon also believe in various malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush, trees, and uninhabited places. This theme was fundamental to the Dogon religion. The virgin is replaced by one of his wives, and she also returns to her home at night. Most young men leave their villages to seek jobs in the cities of Mali and on the Ivory Coast; most of their earnings are sent home to their families. Often the buildings are so close to one another that the floors of some houses begin where the roofs of adjacent ones end. Other crops include sesame, maize, Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. The escarpment is rich in archaeological discoveries both from the Dogon and the earlier Tellem society. The name of the country was changed to "French Sudan," and French administrators levied taxes and introduced currency reforms (e.g., French francs to replace the native cowrie shells). Although some Dogon accepted the new regime, many strongly opposed and resisted it for many years. After Mali's independence from France in 1960, a 40-kilometer road was built from Bandiagara to Sanga, which further disrupted traditional life. Then, two things happened: either Chaos or Gaia created the universe as we know it, or Ouranos and Tethys gave birth to the first beings. WebHogon are the high priests of the cult of Lebe, the first Dogon ancestor to die, whose body was miraculously transformed into a snake after his death. Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Was this German silver mine really defended by two Roman forts and a line of "spike defenses? Succession to office is patrilineal (by younger brother). Dogon village along the Bandiagara escarpment. One of its most distinctive features is the hierarchical series of occupational "castes" or status groups consisting of iron- and leatherworkers, griots (lineage genealogists), musicians, poets, and sorcerers. Ogotemmli classified the Nummo as hermaphrodites. Dieterlen, G., 1955. Other crops include sesame, maize, peanuts, yams, sweet potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, okra, watermelons, papayas, some figs, gourds, and cotton. Each isolated village or district (canton) in the region has a headman or chief (hogon) who has both religious and judicial responsibilities. Griaule, Marcel (1938). [8][9][10], Over time, the Dogon moved north along the escarpment, arriving in the Sanga region in the 15th century. [41] They reported that the Dogon believe that the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (Sigi Tolo or "star of the Sigui"[42]), has two companion stars, P Tolo (the Digitaria star), and mm ya tolo, (the female Sorghum star), respectively the first and second companions of Sirius A. In addition to the priests and religious functionaries of the various cults, there are seers or visionaries (kumogu ) and diviners. [4], The hogon is central to a wide range of fertility and marriage rituals, which are closely related to Dogon origin myths. He wears white clothes and nobody is allowed to touch him. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. [32]) Rites of circumcision enable each sex to assume its proper physical identity. Their traditional religious beliefs for Islam by two Roman forts and a line of spike. Harmony, which are home to cultures unlike any other sigi so is used by members of the are... 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